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      Your Body Ages Rapidly In Your 40s And 60s. Doctors Say These Habits Will Help Slow It Down

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      Talk about a birthday gift I wish I could mark “return to sender.” Just two weeks shy of turning 42, this ominous headline crossed my Slack: “Human ageing accelerates dramatically at age 44 and 60.” Now, I’m no great mathematician, but even I can deduce that in just two years, I’ll supposedly undergo a fit of rapid ageing. In a word – yikes.But let’s rewind for just a sec. That headline comes courtesy of a recent study out of Stanford Medicine, published in the journal Nature, which examined the very, well, nature of ageing by studying participants’ molecules. (The study included 108 participants, both men and women, between the ages of 25 and 75.) What they found was that the molecules didn’t shift in numbers in a linear fashion over time but in bursts around the ages of 44 and 60.“It turns out the mid-40s is a time of dramatic change, as is the early 60s,” said study senior author Michael Snyder, PhD, professor of genetics at Stanford University School of Medicine. “And that’s true no matter what class of molecules you look at.”Initially, researchers assumed that the mid-40s shift they noticed was due to the changes women in the test group were undergoing during perimenopause or menopause. But when they isolated just the men, the same shift was still evident, leading them to theorise that there are other underlying drivers of ageing for both men and women that have nothing to do with perimenopause or menopause.Further research will be needed to identify a lot of these whys – in addition to further validating the results. Given the study’s small participant pool and limited timespan (participants were followed for a median period of 1.7 years), a bigger, longer-term study will be needed.But the initial results were undeniably compelling. So compelling, in fact, that my solution-oriented Virgo brain began wondering what steps I could take now to fend off some of this rapid ageing the study identified.Here, doctors offer their best tips for how to stave off the accelerated ageing as you approach those important ages.Meet the experts: Keri Peterson, MD, is an internal medicine physician based in New York City. Kristen McParland is a NASM-certified personal trainer and nutrition coach. Marisa Garshick, MD, is a board-certified dermatologist and clinical assistant professor at Cornell-New York Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City.As You Approach Age 44…Establish these healthy habits now, and they will serve you during that first ageing burst and beyond by shoring up the immune system, quelling inflammation and more factors that all contribute to getting – and feeling – older.1. Prioritise sleepIf you want unanimous advice on how to set your body up for success for decades to come, it’s this: Get an adequate night’s rest. (All three of the experts WH spoke with agreed!)Quality sleep allows your body to rest and repair, and there’s no shortage of studies documenting the powerful link between catching Zs and keeping the immune system in tip-top shape. And they don’t call it beauty rest for nothing. Says Marisa Garshick, MD, a board-certified dermatologist: “The nighttime is usually a reparative, restorative time for the skin.”Just how many hours a night should you be logging? The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends seven or more for adults.2. Cut back on alcohol.One habit that could be disrupting your time in Dreamland? That nightly glass of Chardonnay. “As we age, we don’t metabolise alcohol as easily, and it impairs our sleep quality,” says Keri Peterson, MD, an internal medicine physician, who begins discussing alcohol consumption more aggressively with patients in their 40s. “The metabolite of alcohol is a stimulant, so it wakes us up, often around 3 a.m.” (It’s worth noting that the Stanford study also found shifts in alcohol metabolism around ages 40 and 60.)If possible, Dr. Peterson recommends cutting alcohol out entirely. “Even with one glass, you’re going to have disrupted sleep,” she says.3. Establish a strength-training routine (if you haven’t already).Women start losing muscle mass as early as their 30s. In fact, we lose about 3 to 5 percent per decade. But you can preserve the muscle mass you have – or even build more! – by lifting, even just a few days a week.“It doesn’t have to be five days a week like a bodybuilder in a gym,” says Kristen McParland, a NASM-certified personal trainer. “There’s tons of research that shows just two days a week of full-body strength training can give you a laundry list of positive side effects to your immune system, your muscle mass, your bone density, your mood, your sleep and your heart health.”Of course, you can’t lift the same 1kg dumbbell week after week in the hopes of seeing gains. “In order to see change in a muscular bone joint, you need to challenge the muscle,” McParland says. You can do this by incorporating progressive overload into your routine, which essentially means upping the weight and/or reps every few weeks.The Bottom line, says McParland: “If a client is in [the gym strength training] twice a week, they’re lifting from 30 to 60 minutes full-body and they’re intentionally challenging their muscle groups – that’s the most important part.”READ MORE: Connie Ferguson’s Favourite Strength Training Workouts4. Support your muscles with protein.Show of hands: Who’s heard the saying “muscles are built in the kitchen“? While it’s a bit of a generalisation, there’s certainly a nugget of truth to it, says McParland. “It doesn’t matter how hard you work in the gym if you don’t have an adequate protein and carbohydrate intake to help build the muscle.” While the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of protein has long been .36 grams per pound of body weight, McParland recommends aiming for .8 to 1 gram per pound of body weight to support muscle-building goals.5. Don’t forget the cardio.The heart is a muscle and it needs exercise too. (The Stanford study notes that ageing has been associated with cardiovascular disease.) The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend a minimum of 150 minutes per week of moderate aerobic activity.But what exactly constitutes “moderate aerobic activity”? “I like to tell my clients that you should start to feel your heart rate go up, maybe you’re a little out of breath, but you could still keep up with a brief conversation,” McParland says. That could take the form of incline walking, biking, hiking, or a light jog (emphasis on the light, McParland adds).6. Protect your skin with SPF.If you aren’t already wearing a daily sunscreen on your face, neck, chest and hands, now is the time to start, says Dr. Garshick. That’s because UV rays cause skin cells to age and can harm the cells’ DNA. (Plus, there’s the increased risk of skin cancer.)When shopping for a sunscreen, make sure it has an SPF of at least 30 (higher is even better) and that it’s marked as “broad spectrum,” meaning it provides coverage against both UVA and UVB rays.READ MORE: The 7 Best Dermatologist Approved SPF Tips That’ll Keep You From Getting Burnt This SummerAs You Approach Age 60…If you are already doing all of the above, here are a few more expert-backed action items to consider adding to your list in your later 40s and 50s.1. Talk to your doc about hormone replacements.During perimenopause and menopause, women’s estrogen and progesterone levels drop. This causes numerous side effects, including hot flashes, weight gain, sleep disturbances and more. You may be able to stave off some of these symptoms – and prevent some age-related conditions – by taking a hormone replacement.“I do recommend women discuss the pros and cons, whether they’re a candidate, and whether they think it’s for them with their doctor,” says Dr. Peterson. “If you’re doing estrogen and progesterone without testosterone, it’s going to help hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, osteoporosis prevention and just overall sense of well-being. If you also do it with testosterone, that will help support muscle building and libido.”2. Implement practices that help keep your brain stimulated and sharp.Most South Africans will experience some form of cognitive decline by the age of 75, research shows. And while a lot of our brain ageing is determined by genetics, Dr. Peterson recommends keeping the brain stimulated by engaging in activities like hobbies, reading and crossword puzzles. “Menopause is when I start to tell patients that, if you plan on ageing in the same state you’re in now, you have to engage your brain.” She also recommends these types of activities, plus gratitude journaling, to help with mental health. “For some people, it’s a time where I see a little more depression,” she says.3. Add flexibility and balance exercises to your routine.If your strength-training warm ups and/or cooldowns don’t already include flexibility and balance work, now’s the time to incorporate those. “You start to get stiffer, tighter,” Dr. Peterson says. “I usually recommend a lot more stretching and balance training as patients start to approach their 60s.”Balance work could take the form of walking in a straight line by placing one foot in front of the other; closing your eyes and standing on one foot; or walking downstairs without holding onto the handrail. If you’ve got a Bosu ball in your closet (or have one available at your local gym), Dr. Peterson suggests standing on top of the domed portion while doing upper body exercises.READ MORE: These 17 Flexibility Exercises Will Help You Get Bendy4. Consider power moves.If your routine already includes strength, cardio, flexibility and balance work, McParland suggests upping the ante with power training, which will help your reaction time during a trip (and maybe even prevent a fall). “It doesn’t have to be jumping because that can be intimidating,” she says. “It can be simply kettlebell swings or drop hinges where you go up on your toes and drop down into a hinge position, practising your landing technique.”One final note: Remember that wherever you are in your own personal timeline, it’s always a worthwhile moment to start incorporating new healthy habits into your routine. “It’s never too late,” McParland stresses. “I work with clients in their 60s that see really positive changes.”This article by Amy Wilkinson was originally published on www.womenshealthmag.com. More

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      Year-End Burnout? How To Cope, From A Doc

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      Year-end burnout can feel like a slow, painful crawl to mid-December when you’re finally allowed to cancel the alarm and enable that OOO. Right now, there are urgent memos everywhere, last-minute to-dos and all the things you said you’d finish by July, now threatening to swallow you whole.And since you’ve been working so hard, you’re likely feeling drained, fog-headed and beset with mystery colds. To stave off a complete meltdown, these tips from general practitioner Dr Unben Pillay will help. He’s a medical expert at Unu Health (a comprehensive telemedicine app) and has a special interest in chronic disease management. These tips will help manage your exhaustion and set up a way to prevent burnout in the future.Signs you have year-end burnoutThe signs of burnout, whether it’s at the end of the year, mid-way through or any other time, remain the same.Frequent or persistent colds

      Chronic stress

      Exhaustion

      Changes in appetite and sleeping patterns

      Stomach aches

      Trouble concentrating

      Frequent procrastination  READ MORE: People Pleasing Can Have Some Harmful Mental Health Effects — Experts Say This Is How To StopStart right nowYear-end burnout can become bad enough that it threatens your summer vacay. As soon as you realise your motivation is flagging, do something about it. “Exhaustion from the constant demands of life often accumulates over the course of the year, leading to a high risk of burnout in Q4,” says Dr Pillay. “If health concerns are ignored now, they can escalate into more serious issues, making it difficult to fully enjoy the holidays.” How that works? Following the steps below and seeking professional help if you need it.Take short, frequent breaksA meta-analysis in PLOS ONE found that micro-breaks worked for well-being and reducing fatigue. Some breaks were mere seconds, while others were a few minutes. The study also found that for more cognitive-heavy tasks, breaks of more than 10 minutes were likely needed.Your move: set a timer for 30 minutes and walk around or look at something other than your screen for just five minutes. Repeat the schedule for the day. Your break could be shorter; there’s no consensus on break duration. But take one!READ MORE: Yes, Happiness Can Boost Productivity – Here’s HowPrioritise sleepNot a new one – but something to *actually* implement. Multiple studies have linked low-quality sleep to everything from poor mental health to impaired brain function and even an increased risk of obesity, hypertension and stroke. As to your year-end burnout, a new study in Frontiers Public Health found that people who get less than seven hours of sleep were more likely to have burnout compared to those with more sleep.Your move: Get in the zone for sleep: light candles, have a bath or shower, journal or meditate, and allow yourself to drift off peacefully. Use these hacks to fall asleep faster.  Move moreIf your workouts have taken a back seat to your burgeoning to-do list, it’s time to add it back in – at the top. Doing it first thing eliminates it fast and boosts your mood and productivity for the day. And your workout doesn’t have to be HIIT. “Regular exercise helps combat fatigue and boosts energy levels, even if it’s just a short walk,” says Dr Pillay.READ MORE: 6 Energy-Boosting Hacks That Are Simple To IntegrateFocus on nutritionLook to foods that will energise you, and not drain you. A burger and fries will fill you up but the processed carbs won’t support your well-being. Try air-fried cauliflower and broccoli with a hummus dip – satisfying but packed with nutrients. Try these tips to add more veg to your diet without trying.Get professional help (early)“Don’t wait for your symptoms to become severe,” warns Dr Pillay. “Access medical advice sooner rather than later to prevent more serious issues.” A medical check-up can also reveal key deficiencies that lead to feelings of exhaustion, like low iron or vitamin D levels.   More

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      4 Pretty Gross Skin Problems You Can Pick Up At The Gym

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      Yoga mats. Shower floors. Dumbbells. You could be exposing your skin to a host of germs while you’re going for #gains (Eeeeeew!). Here, dermatologist Dr Dagmar Whitaker gives the low-down on how to treat the common skin problems you can pick up at the gym.WartsThey’re caused by a virus. They look like the calluses your feet develop from running, but can be painful and are highly contagious.How you get it: Showering barefoot in the gym. The virus favours areas of pressure, so will usually start on the forefoot where the skin is thickened. Your prevention move is toTreatment: If you catch warts early, Occlusal works. Note: SA has a shortage of topical treatments, so a good alternative is Duofilm.READ MORE: How To ‘Spring Clean’ Your Fitness Gear For Better WorkoutsThese guys mostly occurs on the toenails, especially in those who’ve fractured a nail while playing sport. It can also occur on the skin, making it dry and itchy.How you get it: Wearing tight, sweaty shoes, or from bacteria in pools – fungus needs moisture to develop. Foot powder, anyone?Treatment: Lamisil treats foot fungus – the spray works best.StaphNo, not millennial lingo. Also known as impetigo, this guy causes crusted red lesions and boils, usually on the arms and leg.How you get it: It’s highly contagious and can be transferred by touching infected people or equipment they’ve used.Treatment: Contact your dermatologist as soon as possible for antibiotics. Or, avoid it in the first place by wiping down gym equipment with wet wipes before you get to reppin’.Acne mechanicaBasically workout pimples – they’re caused by heat, pressure and friction and show up on your shoulders, back and head.How you get it: Exercising in tight workout clothes or protective gear, as well as sweating.Treatment: It doesn’t respond well to OTC treatments. Consult your derm. More

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      Why Is It So Hard To Quit Vaping? (+ The Exact Steps, Per Experts)

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      As a woman who writes for a publication that routinely encourages striving for health, I’m ashamed to admit that I vape. It’s a habit I picked up years ago in China, where every second person walked around with a vape around their neck (the country has since banned all e-cigarettes, except those with tobacco flavour). Upon re-entering South African society, I was surprised to learn that vaping had graduated from an embarrassing activity for people who channel their inner Gandalf to something almost everyone is doing. Last year, a local survey found that “more than one in 10 (11.3%) adults in urban South Africa have tried e-cigarettes and 4% of adults were regular e-cigarette users at the time of the survey.”I’m one of the 4% and from my experience, the vapers around me are sure that it’s something they need to give up at some point. The health impacts are becoming more known to us – stuff ranging from excess phlegm to full-on hospitalisation – but there’s one giant problem. Nobody seems to know how to successfully quit vaping. 22-year-old Kiara Bouw started vaping to mitigate the “stress of my final year and my job; I needed some sort of outlet.” She thinks it’s addictive and hasn’t stopped, even though she’s experiencing health complications. “My coughing has been getting so much worse, especially in the morning,” she notes. “I wake up in the morning and I’m coughing or wheezing and I’m like ‘I’m gonna quit smoking, I’m done, I’m not smoking anymore,’ but as soon as I smoke, my throat feels much better. My throat really hurts but as soon as I smoke, it goes away.” As to when she’ll quit? She says it’ll happen “as soon as I graduate.”So… what does vaping do to your body?Traditionally, vapes are marketed as cigarette smoking cessation tools. Without the harmful tobacco or tar, vapes – a heady mix of water, food-grade flavouring, nicotine, cannabis (THC, CBD), propylene glycol or vegetable glycerin – are touted as the smoking alternative without the looming death date.Now, more and more evidence is emerging to debunk the idea that vapes are a good idea. It’s linked to poorer mental health, including anxiety and depression, with experts saying that vapers are more at risk of a depression diagnosis than non-vapers. Plus, the adverse effects of vaping are now an illness in itself, called “e-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury” or EVALI, which has resulted in nearly 2 800 cases of severe lung disease and 68 deaths so far in America alone. (In SA, the number is unknown, possibly because docs won’t typically consider vaping when diagnosing lung disease.)Next, the high nicotine content poses a problem. Typically, vapes use nicotine salts for a more intense hit that also translates into a smoother smoking experience. But “nicotine salts, which have a lower pH than freebase nicotine, allow particularly high levels of nicotine to be inhaled more easily and with less irritation to the throat than freebase nicotine,” the CDC notes. As a result, experts estimate that there can be as much nicotine in one vape pen as there is in one or two boxes of 20 cigarettes. And that hyper flood of nicotine, introduced every few minutes, creates a vice-like addiction that’s harder to get out of than a Wi-Fi contract.Trying to quit vaping? Good luck, people sayThe overload of nicotine, an addictive substance, is what many suspect to be the reason it’s so hard to quit vaping. “The nicotine gives me a calm feeling, which is why I smoke,” explains 29-year-old ex-cigarette smoker and current vaper Kim Fortuin. “It’s really my way of dealing with my day-to-day stress at work and life, I think I pick it up when I’m most stressed.”What’s more, since vaping is so easily accessible and far less offensive than cigarettes, people have access to it all day, multiple times a minute: puffing in bed, on the couch, during WFH sessions and while driving. “I use the disposables; I can smoke it all in one day and be very disappointed because I want to smoke more,” confesses 30-year-old Sam Buckley. She’s been vaping for seven years. “It’s just constantly in my mouth,” she adds. “Now I smoke the big disposables with 5000 puffs – in one week. I know. It’s so bad.”

      Like many people, Sam wasn’t a smoker before starting on vapes. She smoked hookah socially but when vapes started permeating social gatherings, she was attracted to the pleasant taste and flavours. It’s what drew in Kim, too. “The smell of cigarettes was working on my nerves and the smell of vapes are so much nicer and delightful,” she says.

      READ MORE: 5 First Steps To Take After An Early-Breast-Cancer DiagnosisPeople who want to quit vaping feel like they’re trappedFor people like Kim, who turned to vaping to quit smoking, a 2021 study in Preventive Medicine Reports found that 80% of them continued vaping a year later, essentially swapping one vice for another. While Kim knows the health impacts of vaping, she’s just not keen to give it up yet. “Eventually I think I should want to quit but I don’t know how; I must be really motivated to stop and I think something else might take its place,” she says.Ironically, for some people, that replacement is cigarettes, as one study found when analysing people’s vape cessation methods on X (formally Twitter). That might be because of what a 2019 study qualified: that vaping is twice as addictive as cigarettes, making it that much harder to quit.

      In the end, one might end up in an endless loop, going from one smoke to another in search of relief. “I tried to quit because it’s bad for me – smoking is bad for your health,” says Sam. “I feel like vaping is worse than smoking because you’re constantly going at it.” She tried to quit three times in the span of six months but always succumbed to sweet blueberry vapour, citing stress as the final straw. “When I’m stressed, I just know that I have to smoke,” she says.

      Case in point: the longest I’ve been able to go without vaping is just two days. By the third day, I was in complete frustration, unable to think about anything else but the sweet relief of peach ice tantalising my olfactory system. It’s a special kind of torture.How are people giving up ‘flavoured air’?TikTok is bedazzled with videos of people trying to quit vaping. Most of the time, people throw the vape in water (so they don’t dig it out of the trash in a few minutes). And then there’s a ‘quitting kit’ – what I’m calling them – often involving nicotine patches, teas and fruity chewable snacks.

      Quitting kits are all over TikTok. This might be because vaping can be an all-encompassing sensory experience. TikTokkers are learning to replace that one habit with an entire bag of tools. This ranges from things that replace the hand-to-mouth movement (water bottles with straws, for the sucking motion). And, mint gum and sweets mimic the glucose response from vaping. Journals replace the emotional release from vaping and books serve as a distraction or motivation.As I’m writing this, I’m forced to reflect on the many times I’ve tried to quit vaping. I didn’t have gum, fidget spinners or a journal. But now, having done all this research, I’m seriously considering the deep hole I’ve dug for myself. After all, I wasn’t particularly invested in the stuff to begin with. But now I can barely survive an hour without a drag. There’s a list below on how to quit vaping – step by step. I’ll be trying it ASAP. But that’s a whole new story (stay tuned).READ MORE: More People Are Using Ketamine For Depression – But How Safe Is It?How to actually quit vaping, according to expertsActually giving up flavoured air for good might entail a bit more than a bunch of candy. Here, experts dive into concrete steps you can take to give up the sweet smoke.1. Understand addiction“Someone who wants to quit vaping should understand that vaping is an addiction and that quitting can be difficult,” explains Dr Mdaka. Sanam Naran, counselling psychologist and founder of the practice Conscious Psychology, agrees. “We often minimize our addiction to vaping because it is seen as “less harmful” and more socially acceptable,” she says. “Breaking through the denial is always the first step.”While you’re looking inward, it’s a good idea to talk things through with a psychologist. “I often notice that there is an inability to regulate emotions healthily, as well as an inability to tolerate uncomfortable emotions, which is the first layer underneath an addiction,” observes Naran. “Once this is explored in therapy, they are able to then move on to tackling the behaviour.”2. Rally the troopsExperts emphasise that letting people know ahead of time about what you’re doing is an important step. “Identify people around you who can act as a support structure during this period,” says Dr Mdaka. “It’s also important for the individual to know the possible withdrawal symptoms that they may experience.” When this happens, Dr Mdaka recommends you “remind yourself that these symptoms are temporary and will pass.”3. Recognise your triggers“Addiction is founded on chemical releases alongside environmental stimulus-response triggers,” explains Cara-Lisa Sham, CEO of digital well-being platform soSerene. For example, if a vexing boss drives you to vape in the bathroom multiple times a day, make a mental note of it. Then, figure out how to work through those emotions healthily. Sometimes, says Dr Mdaka, you might need to avoid your triggers altogether for a while.4. Prepare for the mood swings“During the period of quitting, anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms may be exacerbated,” says Dr Mdaka. Anxiety, irritability and restlessness may be par for the course. If your side effects get unmanageable, Dr Mdaka recommends talking to a doctor about therapeutic interventions or medication to help.Also, recognise that simply giving up vaping doesn’t make things smooth sailing. “It’s important to take into account that quitting an addiction is often not a linear process. There may be moments where you relapse, so try not to be too hard on yourself. Focus on taking it one day at a time,” says Naran.5. Yeah, the quitting kit works“They *are* effective methods that can help individuals addicted to vaping to quit successfully,” notes Dr Nokuthula Mdaka, a member of the South African Society of Psychiatrists. It’s called nicotine replacement therapy and includes nicotine-infused gum, patches, nasal sprays or tablets. “These products have been well studied in literature and are approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They work by delivering measurable nicotine doses which are free from the harmful chemicals found in vaping,” says Dr Mdaka.But if you’re in a pinch and don’t have the specialised stuff, the regular goods (gum; candy), can work too. “They also reduce and relieve cravings and withdrawal symptoms of nicotine,” says Dr Mdaka.6. Implement new coping mechanisms“In times of high stress, we are drawn to activities that offer temporary relief or instant gratification,” says Sham. “Given the dopamine-inducing qualities of nicotine contained in vape, a sense of calm and serenity can be quickly felt from vaping. There are, however, more sustainable and health-promoting activities that can be adopted instead.” Time to take on the work of really dealing with stress.Experts recommend:Exercise. It’s a potent dopamine factory with an overwhelming amount of positive evidence

      Meditation. This is key for settling the mind and bringing yourself back to the present

      Adopting a positive mindset. “When we change our perception and see challenges as opportunities for learning and growth, we can reprogram the way we see stress,” says Sham.

      Plan your day. “Scheduling everything that needs to be done will make your day less stressful and more predictable,” says Dr MdakaREAD MORE: PCOS Diet Plan: The Best Foods To Eat (And Limit) When You Have PCOS, According To Experts7. Identify any underlying issuesOf paramount importance is figuring out what’s driving your addiction in the first place. “Individuals who are addicted to vaping could have underlying psychological problems or disorders,” says Dr Mdaka. “These psychological problems could have been present prior to the addiction. Vaping could have been used as a coping mechanism. Vaping could also exacerbate the psychological problems.”Naran notes that trauma can also hamper your ability to give up your crutch. Childhood trauma (including perfectionist or absent parents), emotionally repressive cultures and emotional avoidance can all drive addictive behaviours. “Self-reflection through therapy with a psychologist is what would address the above,” she says.

      Michelle October

      Michelle is the features editor at WH. She’s immensely curious about the world, loves a and enjoys a good surf when the waves are good. Find her on Instagram here. More

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      5 First Steps To Take After An Early-Breast-Cancer Diagnosis

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      Receiving an early-breast-cancer diagnosis can feel like a shock to your system, prompting a wave of emotions that can range from fear to sadness, and everything in between. While you’re trying to get your wits about you, know that what to do next is at the ready for you. Here we lay out steps to take toward survivorship. Early breast cancer is when the cancer has not spread past the breast and the axillary lymph nodes. It is also considered ductal carcinoma in situ (when cells lining the milk ducts become cancerous) and stage 1 (small local tumour) through 3a cancer (cancer in nearby lymph nodes). 1. Take A Breath And Centre Yourself“It takes time to process the information when you hear you have breast cancer,” says registered nurse Susan Brown, the senior director of health information and publications at the Susan G. Komen Foundation; a breast cancer organisation in the US. “You may have to hear the diagnosis more than once. You may want to ask the doctor to name and write down what they have found so far. You also may have to learn a new vocabulary, so take a breath.”READ MORE: 11 Symptoms Of Breast Cancer In Women That Aren’t LumpsBe gentle with yourself, and remember that an early-breast-cancer diagnosis is not a death sentence. “The five-year survival rate for stage 1 breast cancer is 100 percent,” says Dr. Shari Goldfarb, an oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre. “The earlier you diagnose and treat, the better your outcome, and most women with stage 1 breast cancer are going to be cured of their cancer.”2. Educate Yourself With Reputable SourcesBoth experts we spoke to agreed that knowledge is power – just be careful where you’re getting it. For example, the first thing many women do is research breast cancer on the internet, but there’s a right and a wrong way to do that. “Don’t just go to Dr. Google, because there is a lot of misinformation out there,” Brown says. “Take time to gather reliable information.” One good rule of thumb is to look for reputable sources with .org or .gov at the end of the site’s web address, as these sources are usually most up-to-date, Dr. Goldfarb says.3. Keep A Journal Or Notebook For Your Thoughts And QuestionsEven before your first visit with an oncologist or a breast-cancer surgeon, consider writing down questions, such as:What type of cancer do I have?

      What stage is it in?

      What is my prognosis?

      What does treatment entail?

      What does it mean for my life?Keep the journal going between doctor’s visits, especially if you begin experiencing side effects from medications and other forms of treatment. “We can often relieve many of these symptoms, so the sooner you tell your doctor what you’re experiencing, the better,” Dr. Goldfarb says. Hot flashes, diarrhoea, constipation and nausea are all common side effects of cancer treatment and documenting your symptoms can help motivate you to reach out to your doctor if you’re experiencing any of them. “For example, if you get a mouth sore two days after chemotherapy, we can prescribe something to relieve it before you come back for your next visit, so you don’t have to suffer through it for another two weeks,” she says. “Don’t let things fester.”READ MORE: 8 Breast Cancer Myths You NEED To Stop Believing

      WH Breast Cancer Awareness Guide

      Download our 34-page Breast Cancer Awareness Guide, complete with a breast bump guide, ways to lower your risk and real women’s survival stories. Together we can make a difference!

      4. Establish A Support System“There used to be a stigma with cancer, but not anymore,” Dr. Goldfarb says. “There is nothing you did to get it. You were simply unlucky and you’re going to need good support going through this.” Take some time to consider who will be your support system, whether that includes your partner, other family members, friends or colleagues – or all of the above.Too many women forgo telling their boss and coworkers of their diagnosis, but Dr. Goldfarb says it’s important to share the news with them, too, because you may find yourself calling in sick more or simply not feeling well at work. ”If people understand what is going on, they are more helpful and supportive,” she says.“There is nothing you did to get it. You were simply unlucky, and you’re going to need good support going through this.” —Dr. GoldfarbAnd even if your squad consists of just one or two people, having an advocate who can help you gather information and draft questions can take some of the load off you. “Perhaps they can attend appointments with you as a second set of ears, to take notes or ask questions that you may forget to ask,” Brown says.READ MORE: “I Conquered Ovarian Cancer And Breast Cancer At The Same Time.”Where To Find Support GroupsBuilding a support system also can include connecting with others who have been through a similar experience. “This can be through a support group that’s online or in person,” Brown says. “These groups share information and encourage members to advocate for themselves.”CANSA, for example has several different CANSA Support Groups; from WhatsApp groups, zoom, face-to-face and Facebook groups where patients, friends and family can find support and friendship and share information. You can find a full list of the groups as well as how to join here.Just remember to ask your doctor about anything you read or hear that concerns you, rather than take another person’s advice as fact. Brown likens this to announcing you’re pregnant, then hearing nothing but horrible labour and delivery stories. “If someone gives you something to think about, clear it up with your doctor right away so you don’t worry unnecessarily,” Brown says. “Another person may not even have the same type of cancer as you, or maybe they had it years ago, but since treatment is always changing, what they say may have no bearing on you.”READ MORE: What To Know About Breast Cancer As A Young Woman5. Consider Getting A Second OpinionAn early-breast-cancer diagnosis is a physical and emotional diagnosis, and you must feel comfortable with the care you’re getting, says Dr. Goldfarb. Even if the diagnosis and treatment plans end up aligning, many patients find a second opinion goes a long way toward helping them make peace with their diagnosis. “The first person you meet is not always the right fit,” Dr. Goldfarb says. “This is an important, serious diagnosis, but it’s also important to feel like you’re getting good care. If it’s not a fit with the first person, a second opinion can give you peace of mind.” Brown adds that asking for another expert’s opinion may not be necessary if you have a common type of breast cancer, but occasionally a person may have an unusual type of breast cancer, something that a pathologist doesn’t see very often. Even if the diagnosis and treatment plans end up aligning, many patients find a second opinion goes a long way toward helping them make peace with their diagnosis.Whatever the reason – even if it’s just that you’ll feel better if another doctor looks at your test results – the doctor or hospital where your biopsy was done can help you find another source. “Sometimes even within the same facility, you might find a different doctor,” Dr. Goldfarb says. “I see fewer patients as an oncologist, but I see them much more frequently, which is why it’s so important to find someone you connect with, keeping in mind that this is going to be a long-term relationship.”She suggests looking for someone who approaches breast cancer holistically: “A lot of emotions are involved. Even though early-stage breast cancer is likely to be cured, for you, it’s a traumatic experience.”READ MORE: My Experience With Breast Cancer, At Age 27Lastly…It’s impossible to control an early breast-cancer diagnosis and everything that comes with it, so try focusing on the things you can control. “Reading about it and talking about it are important,” Dr. Goldfarb says – because they will help remind you that most women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer become survivors. “This is why regular mammograms and self-exams are important – they lead to earlier diagnoses.”The key, she says, is to stay positive and surround yourself with positive people. “It’s hard and it hits you at different points, but I am always amazed at how optimistic people can be even in difficult situations,” says Dr. Goldfarb. “It will help you get through the journey.”This article by Ana Pelayo Connery was originally published by Women’s Health US More

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      What To Know About Breast Cancer As A Young Woman

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      Once, breast cancer affected mostly women over the age of 50. But now, the Big C is affecting women in lower age groups. New data from South African research shows that breast cancer among young women is on the rise, reflecting global trends. According to the Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA), breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in South Africa, accounting for 23% of all cancers. Here’s what to know to protect yourself.Breast cancer and young women: the numbersIn the U.S., a recent study found that breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women aged 20 to 49 years. Now, we know that this data correlates with what’s happening in SA. A 2024 study looked at radiology records among patients younger than 40 in Johannesburg over a five-year period. They found that among the test results, 73% of them were positive breast cancer diagnoses. And the average age for women being diagnosed under 40? Just 34 years old.It can be more aggressivePlus, with breast cancer in young women, the Breast Imaging Society of South Africa (BISSA), a sub-speciality group of the Radiological Society of South Africa, warns that young women are more likely to develop breast cancers with aggressive biological characteristics. These cancers often present with larger tumours and more advanced stages of the disease at diagnosis, making early detection vital for improving outcomes. According to the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF), young women with breast cancer are more likely to have triple-negative breast cancer – which has fewer treatment options (but slowly improving) – as well as a recurrence at five or 10 years after therapy.Why are younger women being affected?The BCRF notes that inherited genetic mutations like BRCA1 or BRCA2 are more commonly seen among women, which contributes to the rise of BC.Other risk factors include:Having family member(s) with:breast cancer before age 50 or breast cancer in both breasts or breast cancer as a man

      ovarian, pancreatic or metastatic prostate cancer

      triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)

      Having had your first period before you turned 12

      Being pregnant over the age of 30, or not giving birthREAD MORE: My Experience With Breast Cancer, At Age 27Do regular screeningsDr Peter Schoub, Chair of BISSA, emphasises the importance of early detection through regular self-examinations starting in your 20s, and annual mammograms from age 40. “Awareness and education about breast cancer in young women can lead to earlier diagnoses and less invasive treatment options,” says Dr Schoub. “The growing number of younger women being diagnosed with breast cancer highlights the need to expand awareness campaigns and improve screening programs, especially for those at higher risk.” And if you have medical aid, make use of your free mammogram offers. “Although most major medical schemes offer complimentary mammogram screenings for women over 40, only about 20% of women take advantage of this service,” says Dr Schoub. “We must also be mindful that breast cancer is increasingly being detected in women in their 30s, who experience more aggressive forms of the disease that can spread rapidly if not detected early.”Dr Schoub says that while breast cancer risk increases with age, the disease does not discriminate: women of all ages, races and socio-economic backgrounds can be affected.“This is why routine self-examinations and clinical breast checks by a healthcare professional at least once a year are essential,” he explains. “Any abnormality, regardless of age or family history, should be evaluated by a medical professional immediately.”He says the goal of breast cancer screening is to detect the disease before symptoms emerge. “Cancers found through routine screening are often smaller and localised, increasing the chances of successful treatment and survival. The size of the tumour and whether the cancer has spread are key factors in determining the prognosis.”

      WH Breast Cancer Awareness Guide

      Dive in and let this digi mag arm you and yours with powerful information so we can move towards a world where breast cancer becomes that much easier to tackle. Let us work hand in hand to spread awareness, support those in need, and contribute to the ongoing fight against breast cancer. With early detection and an army of knowledgeable women, this is possible!

      How to protect yourself from breast cancer as a young womanOther ways you can protect yourself involve lifestyle shifts.Stay in shapePrevious research notes that obesity or being overweight increases the risk of breast and other cancers.Ditch the vicesTough to hear, but necessary: excessive alcohol consumption (no more than one drink a day, says Prevent Cancer Organisation) ups your risk. Also, a lack of physical activity, smoking and diets high in saturated fats contribute to risk.Go easy on meatStudies show that higher intakes of red meat, animal fats and processed meats correlate to higher rates of breast (and other) cancers. Your move: swap them out for beans, lentils, nuts and veg.Load up on vegThe five-a-day really help: they’re higher in fibre, with is associated with lower breast cancer rates. Veg and fruits are also high in antioxidants, which protect against inflammation.Get some sunSouth Africans have alarmingly high rates of vitamin D deficiency. Black South Africans are the most affected, with almost 63% living with a lack of vitamin D. But vitamin D could also play a role in cancer, per CANSA. “Research suggests that women with low levels of vitamin D have a higher risk of breast cancer. Vitamin D may play a role in controlling normal breast cell growth and may be able to stop breast cancer cells from growing,” they note.READ MORE: 11 Symptoms Of Breast Cancer In Women That Aren’t LumpsHow to self-examine your breasts“The breast changes throughout the menstrual cycle and it is important to always self-examine at the same time of the month, usually a week after your period when your breasts are less tender due to fluctuations in hormone levels,” explains BISSA. Here’s how to check ‘em.Do a visual examSit or stand, without clothing, in front of a mirror with your arms to your side and look for changes in size, shape, symmetry, puckering and dimpling.Then, do a physical examinationLie down so that your breast tissue spreads out making it easier to feel, or in the shower, using soap to glide more easily over your breasts:

      Use the pads of your three middle fingers, not your fingertips, to examine.

      Apply different pressure levels – light to feel the breast tissue closest to the skin, medium to feel deeper, and firm to feel the tissue closest to the chest and ribs.

      Use a methodical technique such as beginning near the collarbone, then moving towards the nipples, in a clockwork fashion.

      Allow enough time and don’t rush the examination.Signs to look out forIt’s important to note that many lumps may turn out to be harmless, but it is essential that all of them are checked.  Visit your doc if you notice any of these changes:Swelling of all or part of the breast,

      Skin irritation, dimpling or ridges on the skin,

      Nipple pain or the nipple turning inward,

      Redness, scaliness or thickening of the nipple or breast skin,

      A nipple discharges other than breast milk, or

      A lump or knot near the underarm area.Michelle is the features editor at WH. She’s immensely curious about the world, passionate about health and wellness and enjoys a good surf when the waves are good. More

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      More People Are Using Ketamine For Depression – But How Safe Is It?

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      As we focus on mental health this October, it’s important to remember that of the many crises plaguing South Africa, depression is one of them. A 2022 study by Wits highlighted key findings: South Africans suffer higher rates of depression and anxiety than other countries. Only a quarter of those ever receive treatment. And, since treatments are subject to costly long-term psychologist visits or psychiatrist prescriptions, some people are turning to unconventional treatments. Among them, there’s a noted rise in people treating their symptoms with psychedelics. Now, there’s an increase in ketamine use to treat depression in cases where other medication has failed. Amazing, right? Not so much, say experts.Per experts, using ketamine for depression is a revelation (more on this below). However, the misuse as a party drug and the mounting unsupervised use as a treatment for depression is problematic.  “The anaesthetic drug can bring life-saving hope for people suffering treatment-resistant major depression or at severe risk of suicide. But unsupervised use or excessive dosages hold addictive and even lethal risks,” warned the South African Society of Psychiatrists (SASOP) in a recent press release.So… what is ketamine?Ketamine is an anaesthetic, originally used in animals since the 1960s. In humans, it’s been used to treat pain since the 1970s. It’s listed in the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines as an anaesthetic. It’s also registered in South Africa for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. If you were to break a bone, a doc might use ketamine instead of full anaesthesia.When it’s used recreationally, K produces dissociative sensations and hallucinations. Users report feeling relaxed, dream-like and nauseated. In its newest era, K is a breakthrough treatment for depression, with others claiming it works for other mental health conditions too.How does ketamine help with depression?Ketamine is available for off-label use. This means that regulations allow doctors to use it for purposes other than pain management. Studies have shown that it’s a viable treatment for depression and suicidal urges, especially in cases where other medications haven’t worked.“There is good evidence that ketamine in low doses, administered under controlled conditions with the necessary medical supervision, is an effective treatment for treatment-resistant major depression,” explains SASOP spokesperson, psychiatrist Dr Bavi Vythilingum. “It is also effective in acute cases of suicidal ideation, rapidly reducing the risk of life-threatening thoughts and acts.”How does it work? Image by Maxim Berg on Unsplash

      Per Dr Vythilingum, K improves the production and functioning of the neurotransmitter glutamate. This plays a role in mood, thought patterns and cognition.

      Ketamine has a different mechanism to traditional anti-depressant medications. And, it’s why medical researchers believe it to be at least part of the reason for its effectiveness where other treatments have failed. Unlike conventional antidepressants like SSRIs, which take weeks to work, the effects of ketamine are rapid. It also doesn’t work on the same brain receptors.READ MORE: Why Toxic Positivity Is Harmful And What To Say InsteadHow is ketamine for depression administered?To use ketamine for depression, you’re meant to head to a treatment facility. There, you’d be given a dose via I.V. It takes about 40 to 50 minutes, and there’s extra time to recover afterwards. After the treatment, you’ll need someone to take you home – no driving until after they have had a full night’s sleep. But you’re not A-OK after just one session. The initial treatment takes place in six sessions over two to three weeks. The treating psychiatrist may prescribe maintenance treatment on a case-by-case basis.The dissociative state (the trip) caused by ketamine can produce feelings of a trance-like state or hallucinogenic experience, feelings of an “out-of-body experience”, feelings of unreality, visual and sensory distortions, and euphoria or “a buzz”.“For this reason, it is important that the setting is safe, meaning that it is quiet and private, that treatment is medically supervised, that the patient is not left alone during treatment and recovery, and that the facility is equipped to manage any adverse side effects,” says Dr Vythilingum.While the dissociative side-effects can also be positive in improving depressive symptoms, she said other negative side-effects could include nausea and vomiting, raised blood pressure, respiratory depression (slowed breathing), sedation and unconsciousness.Image by Dima Pechurin on UnsplashBut… ketamine can also be lethal  While the treatment is a game-changer for many, there are significant risks. “Ketamine is a powerful anaesthetic agent. A too-high dose can cause sedation and loss of consciousness and in very high doses, may cause dangerously slow breathing and the risk of death,” explains D Vythilingum. “Even at lower doses, if administration of ketamine is not adequately supervised and the person is not in a safe, controlled setting they may become confused and inadvertently harm themselves. Ketamine is also potentially addictive and open to abuse.”Added to this is the rising number of “independent” clinics offering ketamine treatment for depression and other mental health conditions. SASOP is concerned about these facilities: whether they’re correctly diagnosing patients and using ketamine as the appropriate treatment. The treatment also has to be carefully monitored for harmful side effects.READ MORE: 4 Proudly South African Apps For Mental Health SupportKetamine’s side effects can be dangerousLong-term use of ketamine at high doses can cause bladder, kidney, liver and stomach pain or toxicity, as well as addiction demanding increasingly higher, life-threatening, doses. Plus, while some claim that ketamine is effective in treating other mental health conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), SASOP cautions that there is limited scientific evidence for this.Image by Alexander Grey on UnsplashHow to stay safe in treatmentIf you choose to pursue ketamine for depression, it’s totally legal. Just make sure you’ve picked a facility that dots its i’s and crosses its t’s.Find specialists“Ketamine for psychiatric treatment must be prescribed by a psychiatrist. Only a psychiatrist can diagnose that depression is treatment-resistant,” explains Dr Vythilingum. “That diagnosis is made following at least two courses of conventional antidepressant medication with no improvement in symptoms.” She also made clear that only a doctor can administer the meds “and both physical and psychological safety are paramount during administration of ketamine.” SASOP advises that the guidelines issued by the South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASP) should be adhered to. These guidelines state that the medical doctor administering ketamine must be an anaesthesiologist or registered sedation practitioner who is qualified in advanced cardiac life support and resuscitation.Check the facility  “Ketamine must be administered in a facility equipped for physiological monitoring (blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation), with medication, equipment and qualified personnel to manage adverse physical or neurological events, including hypertension, cardio-respiratory events, airway management and resuscitation.“The administering clinician or member of the team should also have expertise in mental health and managing patients who may become agitated, anxious or otherwise distressed. A psychiatrist should be available in case of a psychiatric emergency,” Dr Vythilingum said.READ MORE: These 3 Mental Exercises Can Help You Find Your Purpose In Life At Any AgeIt’s not for everyoneKetamine is not considered safe for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or for those with a history of substance abuse. Dr Vythilingum also cautioned that while there is clear evidence for the off-label use of ketamine in treatment-resistant major depression, more research was needed on the drug’s long-term effects, side effects and safety as a psychiatric treatment.Equip your mind with these reads More

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      4 Most Common Questions Women Ask About Their Sexual Health

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      What does your ‘Girls Night’ consist of? Pizza, wine and a few episodes of Emily In Paris? Or is it a night where you and your girls get deep into conversations about sex, toys and men? For many, it will be the first option, as the latter tends to make many feel uncomfortable. Why is it difficult to engage in conversations about our sexual health? Perhaps it’s a fear of judgement, that something may be “wrong” with you?Did you know that a staggering 63% of women experience some form of sexual discomfort? Yes. It’s you and almost every woman around you!Don’t worry, we have your back. Here’s a list of questions and answers you may be thinking of, but have never been comfortable to ask before.1. My period is irregular — have I reached menopause?You’ve crossed off all the calendar days and Aunty Flo hasn’t paid you a visit yet. Your initial thoughts could be pregnancy or menopause. Menopause is a reality between 45 and 55, but irregular periods can happen at any age. Dr Bradley Wagemaker, Medical Director at Lamelle Research Laboratories says, “When your body experiences hormonal imbalances and changes in hormone levels (such as when taking contraceptives or falling pregnant), you could experience an irregular flow.”Research suggests that stress and pollution can affect the body, causing devastating effects on your sex organs and your vital sex hormone: oestrogen.READ MORE: These Unusual PMS Symptom Treatments Actually Work – Minus Painkillers2. Why am I so moody?I find it offensive when people accuse me of being moody. It’s never my fault, but my hormones fault. Mood swings are very common when there are hormonal changes happening inside your body. “Oxidative stress depletes nitric oxide in your body, causing the type of hormonal changes that lead to mood swings at any age,” says Dr Bradley Wagemaker.3. I’m struggling to “get in the mood” — help me!You want to get your groove back, but it’s a bit of a struggle? Dr Bradley Wagemaker says, “A decrease in libido or sexual desire is a normal psychological (mental) response to the physiological (physical) damage in your organs. When you experience dryness and discomfort during sex, your brain will often trigger a natural response in your brain to try and avoid the uncomfortable situation again.” Don’t be embarrassed and don’t avoid sex either. Explore different ways to spice things up in the bedroom.READ MORE: The 9 Best Natural Lubes For A Happy Vagina4. How can I improve intimacy with my partner?A couple’s physical intimacy requires work to maintain beyond the “honeymoon phase”. Take care of yourself by investing in your wellness, your personal development and your mindfulness. When you’re feeling your best, you bring an important vitality to your relationship. Be curious and open yourself up to new things. More