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    12 Unexpected Health And Beauty Benefits Of Epsom Salt

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    Epsom salt is popularly used to solve a myriad of different ailments, including everything from soothing tired and achy muscles to easing stress and eliminating toxins from the body. It’s cost-effective and safe, making it a great product to keep at home for the whole family. Plus, the benefits don’t end with healthcare – there are also various ways of using them around the home.What exactly is Epsom salt?Epsom salt was named after a bitter saline spring at Epsom in Surrey, England. Epsom salt is not actually salt at all, in fact, it comprises a naturally occurring pure mineral compound made up of magnesium, sulphur and oxygen.It’s been around forever, too: There “have been recorded uses of Epsom salt to solve health problems since the 1500s,” says Jim Hill, president of the Epsom Salt Council.It was most likely named Epsom “salt” because of its chemical structure and appearance, as it looks very similar to traditional table salt. Most of its benefits are due to the presence of magnesium, a mineral that many people do not get enough of.‌When Epsom salts are dissolved in water, they release magnesium and sulphate ions. Studies indicate that magnesium and sulphate ions can be absorbed through the skin, which is why Epsom salt baths are so popular.READ MORE: 10 Signs You May Have a Magnesium Deficiency‌Why we need magnesiumWhat’s so special about magnesium? Well, it takes on several important roles in the body. It helps regulate enzymes, reduces inflammation, supports muscle and nerve function, helps the body flush out toxins and much more. You may have written it off as something collecting dust in your grandparents’ bathroom closet, but Epsom salt has a number of practical – and effective – uses. Stock up on it to reap the benefits:1. It exfoliates skin“People use it as an exfoliator, a blackhead reduction [method], and a standard facial cleanser,” says Andrew C. Krakowski, a dermatologist. That’s because unlike a lot of exfoliators on the market, Epsom salt isn’t made up of plastic. “It provides gentle abrasion and then dissolves into your tub or shower,” says Hill.2. It pumps up puny strandsHills says Epsom salt can also be used as a hair volumiser since it’s great at removing gunk. “It will definitely give hair more body,” he says.How to use it: mix equal parts Epsom salt and conditioner, massage into your hair, and let it sit for 10 to 15 minutes before rinsing out. You can also use Epsom salt to create a paste that will eliminate dead skin on your scalp if you’re plagued by itching.3. It temporarily reduces bloatYep, soaking in an Epsom salt bath can be a quick fix for temporarily reducing water weight, says Sabrina Sarabella, certified personal trainer. The reason: The sulphate ions pull toxins and water out of your system. (Word is Amanda Seyfried has used this trick to squeeze into a red carpet dress.)The best bath recipe: Add ½ cup of Epsom salt to your bath for every 25kgs of body weight, says chiropractor David Jockers.Get the benefits of Epsom salts with these products

    This food-grade bag is natural and multi-purpose.

    This lavender-scented bath bomb helps relax the body and mind.

    This vitamin-enriched Epsom salt also has shea to moisturise.

    4. Epsom salt soothes sore muscles“If you have a sprained ankle or are just in pain, it can help drain out toxins or [reduce] inflammation,” says Jockers. He even points out that it can decrease pain during the early stages of labour. So fill up your tub!5. It relaxes the mindJockers recommends that his clients regularly turn electronics off, throw on some music, lower the lights, and soak in the tub in an Epsom salt bath. “It’s a really awesome practice to be doing on a regular basis,” he says. “It’s really good for relaxation.” One study found that the magnesium in Epsom salt helps to lower cortisol, the stress hormone.READ MORE: Here’s How To Actually Practise Mindfulness And Unlock Inner Peace6. Improves Your Bone HealthBecause Epsom salt has magnesium, taking a bath in the product allows users to absorb the element, which can help with bone health, says Sarabella. “Many people think that consuming calcium through dairy products is [the most important thing for bone health],” she says. “But that’s untrue. You need magnesium.”7. It could boost happinessMagnesium helps produce serotonin, the happy hormone that’s key for good mood. It also affects the binding of serotonin receptors, enhancing its transmission. Some studies suggest that Epsom salt, because of its high magnesium content, can benefit your mood. A perfect pre-bedtime routine.‌8. It treats constipationMagnesium is very useful in alleviating constipation because it draws water into the colon, stretching the intestines and helps move things along.How to use it: mix two to six teaspoons of Epsom salt with 250ml (one cup) of water and drink it. Make sure to use edible Epsom salt and not the kind with added essential oils for baths. Also, make sure to not use it for more than a week. Avoid if you have kidney conditions, stomach pain, nausea or vomiting.Soaking feet in a mixture of warm water and Epsom salts for ten minutes has been shown to neutralize odour, soften rough skin and even relieve the symptoms of athlete’s foot.10. It helps remove splintersGot a splinter or something stuck under your skin? Soak the area in a bowl of Epsom salt water to draw it out.11. It cleans tiles and other surfacesGet your bathroom and kitchen sparkly clean by mixing equal parts Epsom salt and dishwashing detergent and use as a scrub on tiles and other surfaces with stubborn stains.READ MORE: These Unusual PMS Symptom Treatments Actually Work – Minus Painkillers‌12. It can fertilise plantsPlants rely on magnesium and sulphur in the soil to stay in good health and flourish. Sprinkle Epsom salts over the plant soil weekly to nourish flowers, veggies and houseplants.When to *not* use Epsom saltThough there is information floating around out there about the possibility of using Epsom salt for an internal cleanse, Krakowski warns against it, stating that many outrageous claims about the product should be “taken with a grain of salt” – pun intended. “Do not confuse this product with something that you would want to use internally [by ingesting it],” he says. “You will get into trouble doing that.” Noted. More

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      7 Signs You’re At Risk For Gum Disease – And What To Do

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      Fact: gum disease is super common. In fact, per the South African government, around 90% of us experience it at some point. The only other thing more common? A cold. But it’s also risky. That’s because gum disease is mostly not noticeable – and research has linked the problem to a range of serious health issues. Alzheimer’s, heart disease, infertility and even cancer. Here’s how to dodge the danger. What are the symptoms of gum disease? According to Dirna Grobbelaar, oral hygiene advisor for Ivohealth and a member of the Oral Hygienists Association of South Africa (OHASA), most people don’t realise they have gum disease. Visible signs include redness, swelling or bleeding gums. “Bleeding gums are never normal,” she says. “You may attribute bleeding gums to using the wrong brush or floss; in most cases, bleeding gums indicate gingivitis, the early form of gum disease.”Fortunately, gingivitis can be treated and is reversible. If untreated, it can develop into a more serious form of gum disease – periodontitis – which can lead to bone and tooth loss. “Gum disease is best prevented and the earlier you intervene the better,” says Grobbelaar.Can you be at risk of gum disease? Bummer: yes you can. Genetics play a role, as does dry mouth and diabetes. But your habits can also contribute to a higher risk of yucky bacterial growth and unhealthy gums. Here, some signs you’re putting your oral health at risk – besides smoking or vaping. You brush too hard Maybe not a precursor for gum disease per se, but “aggressive brushing can cause gum recession,” says Grobbelaar. Your fix: use a soft-bristled brush or one that snaps back when you apply too much pressure. Or, think of it this way: your teeth are not your enemy. You skip flossing We’ve all been guilty of it – but making it a habit puts you at risk. Plaque and food debris love to hide between teeth where brushing cannot reach. If you don’t floss, it builds up and irritates the gums, potentially causing gingivitis.You should be brushing twice a day for at least two minutes – 15 seconds per quadrant. Then, a daily floss is in order. If you can’t stand the strand kind, get a water flosser or interdental brush pick – see those below. READ MORE: Are Wellness Shots With Turmeric, Ginger, Or ACV Actually Good For You? A Dietician Weighs InYou’re brushing like a see-sawGood brush technique gets to the far back of the mouth and uses small, circular motions. “Incorrect brushing can damage the gums or leave plaque behind,” explains Grobbelaar. You ignore bleeding gums Per experts, bleeding gums are never normal – and is usually a sign of gum disease, Grobbelaar says. “If you see red when you brush or floss, follow a meticulous oral hygiene routine for a week,” says Grobbelaar (details below). “If it continues, consult a dental professional.” More scary stuff: “If untreated, bleeding gums can lead to more serious problems including periodontitis, tooth loss, cardiovascular disease and pregnancy complications,” says Grobbelaar. “It is also more expensive to treat gum disease at an advanced stage.”You use alcohol-based mouthwashes Weird but true! “Alcohol dries out the mouth, which can lead to gum problems,” says Grobbelaar. “Opt for alcohol-free options.” You skip the dentist Set up an auto-alert every six months for the dentist – and actually stick to it. “Regular dental check-ups allow your dentist to spot issues before you can,” says Grobbelaar. What’s more, even with your good routine, pesky plague and troublesome bacteria still need to be professionally cleaned. Excitingly, it no longer has to be painful. EMS Guided Biofilm Therapy® is a new treatment to clean the mouth – and it’s gentler, more comfortable and more effective. Find a practitioner for it here. You’re not replacing your brush heads Another thing to schedule, maybe: an old brush can’t clean well, which can lead to… you guessed – gum disease. And, the longer you have it, the more mould it can grow, which can make you sick. It also collects more bacteria over time, which could lead to a dental infection. Replace the brush every three months – or sooner, if it starts looking worn out or dirty. You have hormones Ah, another wonderful side-effect of being a woman. “Pregnancy, menopause, and menstruation can make gums more sensitive and prone to disease,” says Grobbelaar. While that’s certainly not something you can blame yourself for, take the time to pay special attention to your teeth during this time. READ MORE: Manual vs Electric Toothbrushes: Which Is Better?How to treat gum disease at homeIf you have the early signs of gum disease, follow these steps every day for a week. If things don’t resolve, see a dentist. Brush twice a dayAnd brush for two minutes every time. Use a soft-bristled brush, and make it a small head that can get to tricky spaces more easily. Ordo Sonic+ Toothbrush

      Not only us it pretty, it also has four brush modes, 40 000 sonic pulses per minute and does the job well.

      Oral B IO Series 3 Electric Toothbrush

      This brush even monitors your brushing, featuring a pressure sensor, interactive display and gum protection.

      Balene Toothbrush

      Made for anyone with mobility issues, this brush has a dual-sided head that brushes inside and out and rotates 180°.

      READ MORE: 11 Ways To Get More Energy When You’re Feeling TiredGet flossing These get in between your teeth to remove stuck bacteria. Pomafloss Portable Water Flosser

      This nifty water flosser is perfect for sensitive teeth and makes flossing way easier.

      GUM Soft-Picks PRO

      These picks are part brush, part toothpick and all plague-busting, making cleaner teeth.

      White Glo Tight Fit Toothpicks

      These handy picks easily slide between each tooth to scrape off debris and is mint-infused.

      Use the right mouthwash These alcohol-free formulas won’t dry out your mouth and are friendly to sensitive gums. GUM Paroex Intensive Action

      This alcohol-free rinse helps restore gum health, especially before or after oral surgery.

      Faithful To Nature Mouthwash

      Made with natural materials, this minty, cooling wash banishes bacteria and plaque build-up.

      Listerine Total Care Mild Mouthwash

      Also alcohol-free, this milder wash maintains healthy, strong teeth and gums.

      Test your gum health Ivohealth has a nifty quiz that gauges your gum sitch from just a few questions. Take the #HealthyGUMCheck to quickly assess your gum health, discover early indicators of disease and receive expert advice from a trusted oral health professional. Try it out here. Women’s Health participates in various affiliate marketing programmes, which means we may get commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. More

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      Here’s How A High-Fibre Diet Can Improve Your Digestion And Gut Health, According To Nutritionists

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      It’s no secret that fibre supplements are making a major comeback these days. From gummies and capsules to psyllium husk to help your gut health, there are plenty of products on the market these days to aid digestion, ease constipation and help you stay fuller for longer. When it comes to good nutrition, experts say you shouldn’t sleep on a high-fibre diet—but before shopping for supps, it may help to stock up on fibre-rich foods first.

      Consuming more fibre in your diet has many health benefits, says dietician Deborah Cohen. Because fibre is typically found in plant-based foods, consuming more of those tends to be good for your overall health, she says. Fibre also helps your intestinal tract function optimally and plays an important role in preventing metabolic diseases, according to a 2022 study in Nutrients.

      So, what does a high-fibre diet involve and can it really help your gut health? Ahead, dieticians break down what fibre is, how much you need and simple ways to work more into your diet.

      Meet the experts: Vanessa Rissetto, RD, is a dietician and the CEO and co-founder of Culina Health. Deborah Cohen, DCN, RDN, is an associate professor in the Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Science at Rutgers University. Nutritionist Karen Ansel, RDN, is author of Healthy in a Hurry.

      What is fibre and how much do you need?

      Fibre is a nutrient that comes from the food you eat and is an essential part of a healthy diet, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The current recommendation for daily fibre intake is 14 grams for every 1,000 calories per day—about 25 grams for women and 38 grams for men, according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. That said, most adults need about 25 to 30 grams of fibre per day, according to a 2022 review in the National Library of Medicine. “Trouble is, most of us only consume about 10 to 15 grams a day, so almost all of us could use more,” says dietician Karen Ansel, RDN, author of Healthy in a Hurry.

      Here are the different types of fibre to have on your radar:

      Photo by Valeriya Kobzar on Pexels

      Dietary Fibre

      This type is typically found in plants, says dietician Vanessa Rissetto.

      “It’s resistant to digestion in the human small intestine,” she says, meaning that it can’t be broken down and therefore passes through your body undigested.

      Dietary fibre can help keep your hunger and blood sugar in check, per Harvard Health.

      Image by: Wikimedia Commons

      Added Fibre

      Also known as “functional fibre,” this type is added to foods during the manufacturing process, Cohen says.

      “Types of added fibre include beta-glucan soluble fibre, psyllium husk, cellulose, guar gum, pectin, locust bean gum and hydroxyethylcellulose,” she says. “These fibre are either found naturally in foods or made synthetically in a lab and added to foods to increase the fibre content of a food.”

      Added fibre may help with lowering cholesterol and keeping you regular, Ansel says.

      Image by Freepik

      Soluble Fibre

      Soluble fibre interacts with water to create a gel-like substance, Cohen says. It is found in oats, peas, beans, apples, citrus fruits, barley, nuts and many vegetables, per Mount Sinai. It’s also known for its role in lowering cholesterol in the blood, per Cohen.

      Image by Freepik

      Insoluble Fibre

      This form of fibre doesn’t dissolve in water and is found in wheat products (especially wheat bran), quinoa, brown rice, legumes and leafy greens, per Harvard Health.

      “Insoluble fibre works like a broom, moving food through your gut so it’s great for keeping you regular and preventing constipation,” Ansel says.

      READ MORE: Fibre For Weight Loss: How Much Should You Eat? What Nutritionists Recommend

      Benefits Of A High-Fibre Diet

      Here are a few potential perks of going on a high-fibre diet, according to experts.

      More fibre may help lower your cholesterol.

      Foods high in soluble fibre, in particular, may cause at least moderate (0.20-0.40 mmol/L) reductions in LDL cholesterol (the “bad” kind), per a 2021 review in Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. “This gel blocks cholesterol absorption and whisks it out of the body, making it a powerful tool for anyone trying to lower their cholesterol,” Ansel says.

      “Soluble fibre is so effective that consuming five to 10 grams a day has been shown to lower LDL cholesterol by five to 11 points,” she says.

      It supports good gut health.

      Loading up on fibre helps keep you regular (as in, pooping frequently), Cohen says. Keeping things moving also lowers your risk of constipation and diverticulosis, a condition where small pouches form in the lining of the intestine, she says. Fibre-rich diets may help improve your gut microbiome, per a 2022 review in Trends in Food Science and Technology.

      It may lower your risk of certain diseases.

      Getting more fibre in your diet has been associated with a lowered risk of dying from heart disease and cancer, among other serious health conditions, per a study on dietary fibre in The Lancet. High fibre intake is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, research shows, and it has even been linked to a lower risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer, per a 2020 study.

      It helps you to feel full and may help with weight loss.

      “Fibre promotes satiety and helps us feel full,” Cohen says. This is because fibre helps stimulate signals from the gastrointestinal tract to parts of the brain involved in appetite regulation, according to a 2024 review in Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.

      In addition to staying fuller for longer, if you’re trying to lose weight, increasing your fibre intake may be beneficial. In a recent 16-week study of 4,477 participants in the U.S., 62.5 percent of people who participated in a plant-based, fibre-rich eating program reported weight loss (about 3.2 kilograms on average).

      Potential Risks Of A High-Fibre Diet

      “Adults—typically those who are vegans or following a raw food diet—could run into problems with too much fibre or if they increase their fibre intake too quickly,” Cohen says. Having more than 40 grams a day is usually too much for people, leading to uncomfortable symptoms like bloating, gas, feeling really full, cramps, diarrhea, constipation and nausea, she says.

      This also means that having a high-fibre diet may not be ideal for people with certain bowel diseases. In fact, a low-fibre diet may be recommended for people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBS) during a flare, per Mount Sinai. If you’re upping your fibre intake, be sure to drink plenty of water to avoid constipation.

      Additionally, having too much fibre may also cause nutrient deficiencies of calcium, iron and zinc, Cohen says. “Fibre binds to these nutrients and prevents their absorption,” she says. If you suspect you may have a nutrient deficiency, consult your healthcare provider about lab tests and the best next steps.

      READ MORE: PCOS Diet Plan: The Best Foods To Eat (And Limit) When You Have PCOS, According To Experts

      General Guidelines For A High-Fibre Diet

      “If you’d like to increase your fibre intake, start with small servings of fibre-rich foods to give your digestive system time to adjust,” Ansel says. This may mean sprinkling a few tablespoons of canned black beans on top of tacos before amping up to having a mixture of half beef and half beans. “Once that feels comfortable, skip the beef and try a taco made entirely with beans,” Ansel says.

      It’s a good idea to drink plenty of water when you’re having lots of fibre, since fibre binds to water, she says. Otherwise, you run the risk of getting constipated or bloated.

      Fibre supplements can be one way to increase your intake of the nutrient, but Cohen doesn’t recommend going this route if you can help it. “Taking a fibre supplement does not make up for a diet that is low in fruits, veggies and whole grains, or high in ultra processed food,” Cohen says. “Most published research on the health benefits of fibre were conducted in populations who consume foods high in fibre and not just supplements with fibre.”

      The bottom line: If you’re looking to increase your fibre intake, start slow. Listen to your body and gradually increase things up from there.

      This article written by Korin Miller first appeared on Women’s Health US. More

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      Nailed it: Hidden Health Secrets Of Your Hands

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      Your hands are more than just functional tools; they can provide significant insights into your overall health. Let’s explore what your hands reveal about your overall well-being, the potential risks associated with certain hand care practices, and tips to keep your hands healthy and beautiful.

      What your hands say about your health

      Your hands can exhibit various signs that might indicate underlying health issues. Here are a few common observations.

      Nail colour and texture

      Pale or white nails can indicate anaemia or liver disease.

      Yellow nails might be a sign of fungal infection or respiratory issues.

      Pitted or rippled nails could suggest psoriasis or inflammatory arthritis.

      Skin condition

      Dry, cracked skin can indicate eczema or thyroid problems.

      Red, swollen skin might indicate an allergic reaction or infection.

      Hand strength and coordination

      A weak grip could be an early sign of conditions like arthritis or carpal tunnel syndrome.

      Tremors or shaking might be related to neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease.

      Risks and dangers: Nail polish and remover

      Image by Freepik

      Manicures and pedicures can be a delightful boost to your confidence. But certain products used in these treatments may pose health risks. Here’s what you need to know.

      Nail polish

      Many nail polishes contain formaldehyde, toluene, and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), which can cause allergic reactions, respiratory issues, and even endocrine disruption.

      Be wary of these and other toxic ingredients, especially in nail polish that does not disclose the full ingredient list. Always opt for brands that are transparent about their formulations.

      Nail polish removers

      Acetone is a common ingredient that, while effective, can be harsh on nails and skin, causing dryness and brittleness.

      Non-acetone removers might be gentler but often contain other chemicals that can still cause irritation or allergic reactions.

      Recent studies have found polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in many cosmetic products, including nail polish removers. PFAS are linked to various health issues, including cancer and reproductive problems.

      READ MORE: How To Strengthen Brittle Nails, According To Dermatologists

      Protect yourself from harmful substances

      For a healthy, safe hand care routine, make sure to:

      Choose products wisely

      Look for nail polishes and removers labelled as “3-free,” “5-free,” or “7-free”, indicating they are free from some of the most harmful chemicals.

      Avoid products with unidentified “fragrance” ingredients, which can hide numerous harmful chemicals.

      Ensure proper ventilation

      When using nail polish or removers, ensure you are in a well-ventilated area to minimise inhaling fumes.

      Remember, natural isn’t always better

      Some natural products contain high levels of botanical extracts, which can cause allergic reactions. Always check the ingredient list.

      Handy tips for healthy hands

      Keeping your hands happy and healthy doesn’t have to be complicated. Here are some simple, effective tips.

      Moisturise regularly: Use hand creams with nourishing ingredients like aloe vera, coconut oil, shea butter, vitamin E and glycerine.

      Protect your hands: Wear gloves when doing household chores or working with harsh chemicals.

      Hydrate: Drink plenty of water to keep your skin hydrated from the inside out.

      Go for regular check-ups: Pay attention to changes in your hands and consult a healthcare professional if you notice any concerning symptoms.

      READ MORE: 9 Great Hand Creams That’ll Prevent Dry, Cracked Hands

      By being mindful of the products you use and taking good care of your hands, you can enjoy gorgeous hands while minimising potential risks. Remember, your hands tell a story about your health. Make sure it’s a good one!

      Visit Medihelp’s website at www.medihelp.co.za.

      **WH Partnership More

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      Can Your VO2 Max Really Reduce Your Death Risk?

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      New research released by Discovery Vitality emphasises the need to view cardiorespiratory fitness (measured as VO2 max) as an important health risk metric. Insights were drawn from Discovery’s unique data, including lifestyle information, clinical screening results and insurance claims data. The findings show the tangible benefits of prioritising CRF which dramatically reduced risk of developing – and dying from – cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers and diabetes, among other conditions.

      [embedded content]

      Vitality Fitness: A one-tap, first-of-its-kind fitness platform

      Linked to these insights, Discovery Vitality announced the launch of two exciting updates to the programme aimed at enhancing the health outcomes of its members. They are a new rewards points metric based on cardiorespiratory fitness level, and a first-of-its-kind exercise platform called Vitality Fitness. The new platform brings a new level of convenience and access to Vitality members, enabling them to view and book an extensive range of workouts provided by a network of gyms and fitness studios around the country. Members access the booking platform through the Discovery app and can book classes in a few taps.

      “My vision is that the insights from this research on cardiorespiratory fitness help inform the global effort to combat the growing epidemic of physical inactivity and its associated health risks. We’re continually exploring ways to incentivise and promote healthier lifestyles among our members, and it’s important that these are backed by research and enabled through the smart use of technology to fit easily into people’s lives,” says Vitality CEO, Dinesh Govender

      READ MORE: Ready To Get Fit? Tap Into The New Vitality Fitness Platform

      VO2 Max: A Key Metric For Overall Health

      Cardiorespiratory fitness refers to how well your respiratory and circulatory systems supply your body with enough oxygen to keep exercising. VO2 max is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that your body can use when you’re exercising. As your VO2 max increases, so does your aerobic endurance and ultimately your cardiorespiratory fitness. It is a powerful indicator of one’s potential for a long and healthy life, as even a moderate improvement in VO2 max can reduce risk of death by 21-30%. By understanding and improving VO2 max, individuals can reduce their risk of cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, and diabetes.

      Vitality’s newly published white paper on navigating cardio fitness for optimal health outcomes highlights the critical role of cardio fitness in health management: Vitality members with higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels experience 30% lower hospital claims, and exhibit 95% lower prevalence of obesity, 84% lower prevalence of high-risk blood glucose levels, and 70% lower prevalence of high blood pressure.

      Good Habits Can Influence Your CRF

      While many may think that their genes largely determine their cardiorespiratory fitness level, this research revealed the importance of forming good habits: Vitality’s fittest members tend to exercise more frequently, for longer, and at higher intensities. Vitality members with higher cardio fitness levels also tend to have earlier bedtimes, earlier wake-up times, and longer sleep durations. All in all, members with higher Vitality statuses exhibited higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels

      “Through advancements in wearable technology and the Vitality Fitness Assessment, our members can easily estimate their VO2 max. This cardio fitness measurement serves as a valuable benchmark for overall health. Our new white paper provides comprehensive research insights, practical guidelines, and tailored pathways to help members understand and improve their VO2 max,” says Dr. Mosima Mabunda, Vitality’s Head of Wellness.

      Prof Jon Patricios, Professor of Sports and Exercise Medicine at Wits University, adds, “In a country with stretched health resources and large disparities in access to care, there is an accessible and affordable solution: optimal cardiorespiratory fitness. The prescription of aerobic-based exercise provides some of the most effective disease prevention strategies and should be our core lifestyle intervention.”

      From July 2024 onwards, Vitality members can earn up to 10,000 Vitality points by improving their VO2 max.

      VO2 max readings will be categorised into five Vitality Cardio Fitness Levels: low, fair, good, excellent and superior. While there is no single ideal VO2 max, everyone should strive to improve to the next level due to the health benefits. The greatest health benefits are seen in individuals who move from a low to a fair level, with additional benefits realised as one improves to a good or higher level. For most people, reaching a good Vitality Cardio FitnessLevel for their age and gender is a great milestone and will provide the health protection needed to live a long, healthy life.

      “By rewarding Vitality members for knowing and improving their cardio fitness, we are not only encouraging varied exercise intensities and durations but also helping them protect their health and extend their lifespans,” says Govender.

      Download the research paper here: Navigating Cardiorespiratory Fitness for Optimal Health. More

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      PCOS Diet Plan: The Best Foods To Eat (And Limit) When You Have PCOS, According To Experts

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      If you’ve ever dealt with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its array of uncomfortable symptoms, you’re not alone. A complex endocrine disorder, PCOS throws reproductive hormones off balance, causing about eight to thirteen percent of women of reproductive age to experience issues like irregular or missed periods, polycystic ovaries (large ovaries with many small follicles) and excess body hair, per the World Health Organization (WHO). And although there’s no one-size-fits-all treatment for PCOS, sometimes, little changes can go a long way—including to your diet.

      From a functional medicine perspective—which emphasises a personalised, systems-oriented approach that considers the underlying causes of disease—nutrition plays a critical role in managing PCOS, says Samantha Schleiger.

      “A strategic approach when it comes to nutrition and PCOS is centred upon lowering inflammation, supporting balanced blood sugar and providing an overall nourishing nutrient-dense diet to the body.”

      READ MORE: Millions of Women Struggle With PCOS In South Africa, So Let’s Unpack It

      Meet the experts: Samantha Schleiger, RDN, is a functional dietician and women’s health specialist at Simply Nourished. Clare Goodwin is a registered nutritionist and founder of Ovie.io, an online clinic for PCOS support. Ana Cristina Lewis, RD, is a dietician and owner of Functional Nutrition By Ana.

      What’s the connection between PCOS and diet?

      There’s a lot to unpack, but PCOS is a multifaceted condition that generally affects various body processes, such as insulin resistance, inflammation and obesity. Having a healthy and balanced diet can improve insulin levels, reduce insulin resistance and inflammation, and help you manage weight, along with less-talked-about symptoms including fatigue, intense hunger and cravings, mood imbalances and poor gut health, says Clare Goodwin.

      Between fifty and ninety percent of women with PCOS are insulin resistant, per a study in Clinical Medicine—which means that the cells in the body struggle to absorb sugar from the blood. This causes blood sugar levels to spike, triggering the pancreas to produce more insulin in an attempt to help cells respond—but when the pancreas can’t keep up, blood sugar levels can reach diabetic levels, per Cleveland Clinic. Obesity exacerbates insulin resistance, creating a vicious cycle. So, making dietary changes may help improve things over time.

      Best Foods To Eat For PCOS

      If your doctor diagnoses you with PCOS, consider prioritising foods rich in protein, fibre and healthy fats, says Ana Cristina Lewis. “When meals have sufficient protein, fibre, healthy fat and nutrient-dense carbohydrates, it will promote satiety, support balanced energy levels throughout the day, and help avoid huge peaks and pits of blood sugar (which then helps insulin, too),” says Lewis. “By choosing whole food, high-quality versions of these foods, it will be anti-inflammatory in nature versus choosing processed, packaged versions.”

      It may also be helpful to go for foods that help regulate blood sugar and have anti-inflammatory properties, Schleiger says, such as:

      Leafy greens: Picks like spinach, kale, Swiss chard and arugula contain antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory components that may reduce chronic inflammation.

      Fruits: Blueberries, strawberries, raspberries and blackberries are all low-glycemic foods that support balanced blood sugar. Avocado is a great option, too.

      Fatty fish: Foods like wild salmon, mackerel, sardines and trout contain a high-quality protein. This is necessary for muscle repair and metabolic function, Schleiger says.

      Whole grains: High in fibre, options like quinoa, brown rice, oats and barley aid in blood sugar control. And may improve insulin sensitivity, per Schleiger.

      Legumes: Options like lentils, chickpeas, black beans and kidney beans are high in fibre and protein. It can help stabilise blood sugar levels and improve satiety, which ultimately helps weight management.

      Nut and seeds: Almonds, walnuts, flaxseeds and chia seeds contain protein and fibre, which support satiety and blood sugar regulation, Schleiger says.

      Vegetables: Cruciferous vegetables contain compounds that help reduce inflammation. That’s why broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and cabbage are helpful options to add to your diet.

      Probiotic-rich foods: Yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut and kimchi can help improve your digestion and nutrient absorption, says Schleiger.

      Foods To Avoid/Limit When You Have PCOS

      Avoiding or limiting certain foods can prevent the worsening of symptoms, inflammation and insulin resistance, says Schleiger. This doesn’t mean tossing everything in your pantry, but it can help to be more cautious about consuming these foods:

      Sugary foods and beverages: sweets, candy, pastries, sugary cereals, soda and fruit juices with added sugar

      Refined carbohydrates: white bread, white rice, pasta and baked goods made with white flour

      Heavily processed foods: fast foods, processed snacks, processed meats, frozen dinners and anything with a lengthy ingredient list

      Alcohol: beer, wine and spirits

      Artificial sweeteners: aspartame, sucralose and saccharin

      7-Day PCOS Diet Plan

      Monday

      Breakfast: full-fat Greek yoghurt (prioritise grass-fed, organic options) with fresh berries. Plus, a variety of seeds (chia seeds, hemp hearts and ground flaxseeds) and a dollop of nut butter

      Lunch: quinoa salad with chickpeas, cucumbers, cherry tomatoes, feta cheese and a lemon-tahini dressing

      Dinner: baked salmon with a side of roasted Brussels sprouts and sweet potato

      Snack: sliced apple with almond butter and grass-fed droëwors

      Tuesday

      Breakfast: smoothie made with frozen berries, half a semi-green banana (which has a lower glycemic index than ripe bananas, Schleiger says), 1 scoop of quality protein powder, liquid (like unsweetened almond milk, cashew milk, etc.), spinach or kale, frozen cauliflower rice (Bonus: chia seeds, ground flaxseed, hemp hearts, pumpkin seeds, etc.)

      Lunch: grilled chicken breast with a mixed greens salad (spinach, kale, arugula and/or romaine) topped with walnuts, avocado and balsamic vinaigrette

      Dinner: stir-fried grass-fed beef with broccoli, bell peppers, snap peas and an organic white rice-cauliflower rice 50:50 mix

      Snack: fresh berries, raw cashews and string cheese

      Wednesday

      Breakfast: organic overnight oats topped with chia seeds, unsweetened almond milk, fresh blueberries and a drizzle of honey

      Lunch: lentil soup made with carrots, celery and spinach. Serve your soup with a side of whole-grain or sourdough bread and pastured butter

      Dinner: grilled wild shrimp and a quinoa-vegetable pilaf (bell peppers, zucchini, garlic and onions)

      Snack: fresh cherries served alongside carrot sticks with hummus

      Thursday

      Breakfast: scrambled pastured eggs (with spinach, tomatoes, mushrooms, onions and feta cheese) served with a whole-grain English muffin and a side of fresh fruit

      Lunch: turkey and avocado slices wrapped in a tortilla with lettuce, tomato and red onion (with avocado-based mayonnaise)

      Dinner: baked cod with a side of roasted purple cauliflower, steamed green beans and a baked potato

      Snack: greek yoghurt topped with homemade granola and a handful of raw nuts

      Friday

      Breakfast: chia pudding made with chia seeds and coconut milk and topped with fresh raspberries and ground flaxseeds

      Lunch: chickpea and vegetable curry with brown rice and a side of fresh mixed berries

      Dinner: grilled chicken skewers with bell peppers and onions served with a side of mixed greens salad and a side of whole grain rice

      Snack: fresh fruit salad (melon, berries and kiwi) served alongside cottage cheese

      Saturday

      Breakfast: pastured hard-boiled eggs topped with bagel seasoning and seaweed sprinkles served alongside whole-grain avocado toast topped with feta cheese and cherry tomatoes

      Lunch: canned wild tuna/salmon salad made with celery, onions, capers, cucumbers and avocado-based mayonnaise served inside a whole-grain or nut-based tortilla

      Dinner: stuffed bell peppers made from ground turkey, black beans, onions, quinoa and tomatoes

      Snack: half an avocado sprinkled with sea salt, pepper and seaweed flakes served alongside cucumber slices and turkey roll-ups

      Sunday

      Breakfast: smoothie bowl with blended spinach, banana, almond milk, topped with granola, sliced strawberries and chia seeds

      Lunch: Mediterranean salad made from mixed greens, olives, cucumber, tomatoes, red onion, chickpeas, feta cheese and sliced grilled chicken served with a lemon-olive oil dressing

      Dinner: baked eggplant parmesan (using almond flour for breading) with a side of whole-grain pasta and marinara sauce

      Snack: dark chocolate with a handful of almonds

      How To Treat And Manage PCOS

      A healthy and balanced diet is one way to manage PCOS, per a study in the journal Maedica—but making other lifestyle modifications can be helpful, too. For example, incorporating exercise throughout your day can help, Lewis says.

      “Ideally there is an enjoyable movement that provides a mix of cardio and strength training throughout the week without being too taxing on the nervous system,” she says. “Avoid working out after an overnight fast to avoid putting extra stress on the body.”

      Practising good sleep hygiene may also help with PCOS management, and you should try to aim for seven to nine hours of quality sleep per night if you can, Schleiger recommends.

      “Poor sleep can affect insulin sensitivity, increase stress hormones and disrupt overall hormonal balance as our bodies heavily rely on healthy circadian rhythms,” she says.

      In addition to a nourishing diet, exercise and getting plenty of sleep, try reducing your stress levels. Chronic stress can worsen PCOS symptoms and throw your hormones off balance, according to Schleiger. You can do this by journaling, deep breathing, meditation, yoga, or whatever helps quell your nervous system. While there’s no one end-all solution for PCOS, taking a holistic wellness approach can help you reduce inflammation, prevent insulin resistance and manage conditions associated with PCOS better.

      This article written by Kayla Hui first appeared on Women’s Health US. More

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      What’s Sceletium And What Does It Do?

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      The buzzy plant has cropped up in supplements, drinks and as tinctures. Here’s what we know about the herbal medicine and plant sceletium.

      What is sceletium?

      Sceletium tortuosum is an ancient plant. It’s also called kanna or kougod and has been used for ages by the Khoisan people of South Africa. Carl von Linnaeus, a Swedish biologist, described and classified the plant in 1753.

      Traditionally, the medicinal herb has been used by the Khoisan people for various ailments. Sceletium was chewed or smoked and used to relieve toothache, abdominal pain, and as a mood-elevator. It was also used as an analgesic (pain relief), hypnotic, anxiolytic (anxiety relief), thirst and hunger suppressant, and for its intoxicating/euphoric effects.

      Now, it’s commonly used as an anti-depressant or to reduce anxiety. Added to that, some people are using it as an alternative to party drugs. Scientists are uncovering its properties as a cognitive enhancer.

      What does it do?

      The plant has positive effects on the central nervous system. It has potential as a SRI (serotonin reuptake inhibitor) or antidepressant. However, more clinical studies are still needed to explore its full potential. Redditers also describe using it to ‘feel right’. So far, this is what small studies have shown:

      Anxiety and depression

      Small studies reveal that sceletium may be useful in reducing anxiety, depression and stress response. But these studies were small. Simply put, we need more larger-scale studies.

      Sleep

      In a small randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy subjects, people taking the herb daily for nine weeks said they slept better.

      Is sceletium safe?

      Very little data exists to point to how sceletium would interact with other medications in the body. It’s best to chat to your doc before taking it, especially if you’re already taking an antidepressant.

      Where to get sceletium

      For now, if you want to enjoy its reported effects (calm and restful sleep), you can have sceletium in capsule, drink or tincture form.

      Euphorika Sceletium Tortuosum Extract

      This tincture lets you control the dosage, especially if you like to microdose.

      Sereen Sceletium Capsules

      These capsules contain 200mg of sceletium and may improve focus and cognitive function.

      Tea of Life Honeybush Sceletium

      Enjoy the calming effects of this kombucha blend. Plus, probiotics could improve mood over time.

      Keen to read more?

      Women’s Health participates in various affiliate marketing programmes, which means we may get commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. More

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      What To Know About MPox, Treatments & What To Do If Infected

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      Unsurprisingly, winter sees its fair share of viruses doing the rounds. And now, South Africa is witnessing an outbreak of mpox (previously known as monkeypox). As of June 2024, the South African government has confirmed 16 cases of mpox since the outbreak in May 2024. These confirmed diagnoses come from laboratory testing. All cases are males, aged between 23-43 years old.

      What is mpox?

      Mpox is an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus. Per the South African government, “it can be transmitted to a person through contact with the virus from an animal, human, or materials contaminated with the virus.”

      Anyone can become infected, regardless of age, sexual orientation, gender or race. The people most at risk include children, pregnant people and those with chronic conditions (like HIV, TB or diabetes). While the virus is preventable and treatable, three people have died in South Africa from mpox.

      Mpox can spread by:

      touching, kissing or having sex with an infected person

      hunting, skinning or cooking infected animals

      being in contact with contaminated materials like sheets, needles or clothes

      passing on the infection to your baby, if pregnant

      What are the symptoms of mpox?

      Per the World Health Organisation (WHO), “common symptoms of mpox are a skin rash or mucosal lesions which can last two to four weeks, accompanied by fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, low energy, and swollen lymph nodes.”

      Typically, the first symptoms include a sore throat, fever and muscle aches.

      For some people, the first symptom may be a rash – but everyone is different. The rash can appear anywhere on the body. Your rash could appear:

      on the palms of your hands or the soles of your feet

      on your face, mouth or throat

      in the groin or genital area, including the anus

      Some people also have painful swelling of their rectum or pain and difficulty when peeing.

      What to do if you have mpox

      According to a statement released by the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, “The Department of Health urges members of the public who experience suspected symptoms of Mpox disease to visit their nearest healthcare provider for screening and testing to ensure early diagnosis and effective treatment to prevent further spread of the disease.”

      For treating mpox, the focus is on treating the rash, managing pain and preventing complications. The recovery from mpox could take two to four weeks.

      The WHO recommends staying home, treating your symptoms and isolating from others. If you’re around others, wear a mask and cover up lesions.

      To treat the rash, the WHO recommends the following:

      cover lesions when around others

      do sitz baths with baking soda or Epsom salts

      take painkillers

      don’t pick at your skin or pop blisters – this can spread the rash

      clean your hands very regularly to prevent spreading the virus

      Read more to stay healthy: More

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      What To Know About Swine Flu Symptoms + What To Do

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      This season, the winter flu has come, with health officials warning about the reported cases of swine flu (now called N1H1). Here’s what to know about swine flu symptoms and how it differs from the ‘regular’ flu.

      What is swine flu?

      To answer this, we need a brief science lesson. Within the flu family, different strains exist. The ‘typical’ flu differs from swine flu (called Influenza A (N1H1)) because it’s a different strain.

      N1H1, or ‘swine flu’, is so named because it usually circulates in pigs but is now infecting people. This doesn’t mean people are getting sick from interacting with pigs – the virus spreads from humans to humans. This is called a “variant influenza virus”, according to the World Health Organization. And, interestingly, the same virus was also called the Spanish flu in 1918.

      Other strains that people have been infected with include influenza B/Victoria and influenza A(H3N2).

      What are the swine flu symptoms?

      According to the Western Cape government, these are the typical symptoms of N1H1:

      A sudden onset of high fever (usually above  38.3°C)

      Cough

      Runny or stuffy nose

      Sore throat

      Headache

      Body aches

      Chills

      Tiredness

      Lack of appetite

      Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea

      Many of these symptoms don’t seem much different from the ‘regular’ flu and the treatment is also much the same. However, there are cases when you should seek emergency care, per the Western Cape government:

      Fast breathing or trouble breathing

      Bluish or grey skin colour

      Severe or persistent vomiting

      READ MORE: What To Eat To Avoid Colds And Boost Your Immune System, According To A Dietician

      What is the treatment for N1H1?

      If your case is mild (and not severe), the Western Cape Government advises the following measures:

      “Stay at home for seven days after your symptoms begin or until you have been symptom-free for 24 hours, whichever is longer,” the website notes.

      Drink plenty of fluids (coffee and tea don’t count here: rather stick to water, electrolyte blends and broth.)

      Take your prescribed medication from a doctor (these may include anti-viral meds)

      Take painkillers to relieve fever and body aches, like paracetamol or ibuprofen. Important: only take pain medication for instances where you have pain or fever.

      Throw away used tissues as soon as possible to prevent the spread of infection

      Wash your hands regularly, to avoid spreading disease.

      READ MORE: Are Wellness Shots With Turmeric, Ginger, Or ACV Actually Good For You? A Dietician Weighs In

      How to prevent getting ill

      Health experts always advocate for regular hand washing, covering your mouth when coughing and sneezing and staying healthy by eating lots of vegetables and drinking plenty of water.

      Also, it’s a very good idea to get a flu vaccine. These can be done at your doctor, clinic or pharmacy. If you’re at risk of having a severe case of flu, you should get a vaccine. Per the South African Government News Agency, people at risk include:

      Adults older than 65

      Pregnant people

      People with underlying illnesses such as heart and lung disease 

      People living with HIV and tuberculosis

      READ MORE: 3 Superfoods To Add To Your Grocery List This Winter 

      Michelle October

      Michelle is the features editor at WH. She’s immensely curious about the world, passionate about health and wellness and enjoys a good surf when the waves are good. Find her on Instagram here. More