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    4 Most Common Questions Women Ask About Their Sexual Health

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    What does your ‘Girls Night’ consist of? Pizza, wine and a few episodes of Emily In Paris? Or is it a night where you and your girls get deep into conversations about sex, toys and men? For many, it will be the first option, as the latter tends to make many feel uncomfortable. Why is it difficult to engage in conversations about our sexual health? Perhaps it’s a fear of judgement, that something may be “wrong” with you?Did you know that a staggering 63% of women experience some form of sexual discomfort? Yes. It’s you and almost every woman around you!Don’t worry, we have your back. Here’s a list of questions and answers you may be thinking of, but have never been comfortable to ask before.1. My period is irregular — have I reached menopause?You’ve crossed off all the calendar days and Aunty Flo hasn’t paid you a visit yet. Your initial thoughts could be pregnancy or menopause. Menopause is a reality between 45 and 55, but irregular periods can happen at any age. Dr Bradley Wagemaker, Medical Director at Lamelle Research Laboratories says, “When your body experiences hormonal imbalances and changes in hormone levels (such as when taking contraceptives or falling pregnant), you could experience an irregular flow.”Research suggests that stress and pollution can affect the body, causing devastating effects on your sex organs and your vital sex hormone: oestrogen.READ MORE: These Unusual PMS Symptom Treatments Actually Work – Minus Painkillers2. Why am I so moody?I find it offensive when people accuse me of being moody. It’s never my fault, but my hormones fault. Mood swings are very common when there are hormonal changes happening inside your body. “Oxidative stress depletes nitric oxide in your body, causing the type of hormonal changes that lead to mood swings at any age,” says Dr Bradley Wagemaker.3. I’m struggling to “get in the mood” — help me!You want to get your groove back, but it’s a bit of a struggle? Dr Bradley Wagemaker says, “A decrease in libido or sexual desire is a normal psychological (mental) response to the physiological (physical) damage in your organs. When you experience dryness and discomfort during sex, your brain will often trigger a natural response in your brain to try and avoid the uncomfortable situation again.” Don’t be embarrassed and don’t avoid sex either. Explore different ways to spice things up in the bedroom.READ MORE: The 9 Best Natural Lubes For A Happy Vagina4. How can I improve intimacy with my partner?A couple’s physical intimacy requires work to maintain beyond the “honeymoon phase”. Take care of yourself by investing in your wellness, your personal development and your mindfulness. When you’re feeling your best, you bring an important vitality to your relationship. Be curious and open yourself up to new things. More

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      These Unusual PMS Symptom Treatments Actually Work – Minus Painkillers

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      If you’re like most people with ovaries on earth, you have a hate-hate relationship with PMS. Seriously, what’s to like about premenstrual syndrome, with its ugly calling cards: mood swings, bloating, uncontrollable food cravings and irrational crying fits? The worst part? We’ve mostly been taught that PMS symptom treatments start with hot water bottles and chocolate and end with a heavy dose of painkillers. No longer! We’ve scoured the science, and as it turns out, we can do so many things to make those PMS symptoms so much less painful. What are PMS symptoms? All told, the condition describes a collection of more than 150 symptoms that can strike the week before your period due to an imbalance of oestrogen and progesterone levels. Factors such as stress, insufficient sleep and unhealthy eating compound the hormonal plunge, says hormone researcher Lorraine Pintus, author of Jump Off The Hormone Swing. The most common PMS symptoms include:Mood swings

      Feelings of depression or irritation and anxiety

      Tiredness or trouble sleeping or feeling extra fatigued

      Bloating or cramping – or both

      Tender breasts

      Headaches or migraines

      Acne

      Changes in appetiteThe good news? PMS symptom treatments exist that don’t involve a raid of the medicine cabinet. No matter your symptoms, you may be able to find a fix with these alternative therapies.READ MORE: PCOS Diet Plan: The Best Foods To Eat (And Limit) When You Have PCOS, According To ExpertsPMS symptom treatmentsThe right vitamins BEST FOR: mood swings, sore breasts, cramps, headaches, acneIntroducing the new premenstrual superstars: vitamin E and essential fatty acids, according to a study in Reproductive Health. Women who swallowed the two every day for six months saw major PMS improvements, possibly because both nutrients interact with prostaglandin receptors (prostaglandins are the hormones believed to cause fierce cramps). What to look for: A daily multivitamin should supply you with the 15mg of vitamin E you need and you can pop a daily fish oil capsule to get your fatty acids. Vitamin B6, magnesium and calcium – the mineral you get from a diet full of leafy greens, almonds and yoghurt – may help prevent several PMS symptoms, according to Dr Erika Coertzen, a Limpopo-based integrative medical doctor and homoeopath. Aim for about 1 300mg of calcium a day.READ MORE: Your Most Urgent ‘Down There’ Questions Answered By ExpertsAcupunctureBEST FOR: cramps, anxiety, insomnia, headaches, nauseaFinally, a prick you can love. Research shows acupuncture is a brilliant PMS symptom treatment. One study found that acupuncture quelled symptoms in 78 percent of women.Though Western doctors still don’t quite understand how it works, they believe acupuncture may increase circulation and elevate endorphins, which enhance mood and alleviate pain. A 2018 study remarks that it works on a variety of inflammatory markers, which may ease pain. Most women experience PMS relief within 24 hours after a session, so depending on your reaction, you could get treated once a month in the week before your period.Progesterone CreamBEST FOR: mood swings, cramps, anxiety, insomniaBecause researchers believe most premenstrual troubles stem from out-of-balance oestrogen and progesterone levels, many treatments aim to restore that equilibrium (one reason birth control pills are often prescribed for PMS).Using a natural progesterone cream – applied daily to your inner thighs or lower abdomen before your period – can have a similar effect, says integrative and functional medical practitioner Dr Frank Lipman. Although a few forms – such as Solal – are available OTC at pharmacies, you should consult your doctor before using them. WH advisor Dr Tamlyn McKeag recommends a combination of evening primrose oil, vitamins and minerals, or the herbal pill Agnucaston instead.HerbsBEST FOR: mood swings, sore breasts, cramps, bloatingScience suggests the leafy stuff might lighten your PMS load. The chaste tree berry has been the go-to plant for easing women’s gynaecological complaints for more than 2000 years. It may help stimulate and regulate different hormones. Added to that, it can increase natural progesterone in the second half of your cycle, says Coertzen. This may seriously improve your bloating, irritability and achy-boob symptoms. Evening primrose oil, high in the essential fatty acid GLA, is also often used to soothe breast tenderness.Dong quai, liquorice and wild yam may help alleviate migraines, cramps and bloating. And, valerian root and St John’s wort may calm your moods. (Be sure to check with your GP before beginning any regimen.) These hormone-balancing supps, when taken regularly, could work to ease your PMS symptoms, since they contain these herbs:KIKO Vitals Hormone Balance

      This supp, with chaste berry, magnesium and ashwagandha, is used for irregular periods, PMS and even PCOS.

      Zoie Health Cycle Calm

      Carefully constructed by experts, this supplement eases your flow with chase berry, L-Theanine and artemisia herb to regulate periods.

      Vitamin Me PMS Support

      Formulated specifically for PMS, this blend, with St John’s Wort and other herbal extracts, works to alleviate PMS and regulate hormonal function.

      Sweating and stretchingBEST FOR: mood swings, cramps, anxiety, headaches, back painDon’t snigger. Mild forms of exercise can be a potent PMS symptom treatment, says Tegan Burger, owner of Joburg-based Ubuntu Yoga. Working out releases painkilling endorphins and triggers dopamine (the pleasure hormone) and serotonin (a depression and anxiety fighter).Yoga’s breathing exercises also help eliminate moodiness, says Burger, who recommends regular practice (starting twice a week) for long-term benefits. When PMS strikes, try poses like triangle and reclining goddess to open the hips. Do twisting postures like half spinal twist to ease lower back pain. Gland-stimulating poses such as cobra, bow, boat and bridge will also help. Avoid inversions during the heaviest part of your period.READ MORE: Soothe Your PMS Symptoms With This 15-Minute Yoga WorkoutNatural diureticsBEST FOR: bloatingFluid retention, a particularly unsightly PMS signature symptom (“Um, these pants fitted last week!”), builds up as a result of fluctuating hormones. It can make you feel like overstuffed wors. Eastern doctors have believed for centuries that nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and vitamins B and C act as natural diuretics, relieving big-time bloat.Western docs have recently caught on, advising patients to snack on bananas, fennel, tomatoes, celery, watercress and citrus fruits pre-period. And think twice before you reach for your morning latte or a diet cool drink to get things, um, moving. Research shows that while caffeine might be able to slash fluid retention to potentially bring down bloating, it can also heighten anxiety.DIY massageBEST FOR: cramps, headaches, bloatingSelf-massage can lessen your pre-period woes, as any kind of rubdown increases blood flow and eases muscle and mental tension. Some of the essential oils used in massage also make a difference, including lavender (a muscle relaxer) and geranium (an oestrogen balancer) but it’s important to dilute them before applying to your skin.Use several drops of one type of oil in a handful of massage lotion and start on your right side above your groin, massaging up to your waist in a clockwise motion. “Always massage in a clockwise direction around the abdominal area as digestion takes place from left to right,” says Cape Town massage therapist Lisa Roese, who also recommends massaging your lower back. Do it for five minutes twice a day during peak PMS time.Magnetic therapyBEST FOR: sore breasts, cramps, bloating, acneDoctors have used pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) to relieve depression and chronic pain, and now it seems magnets can also do wonders as a PMS symptom treatment. In a study, women who wore magnetic devices attached to the sides of their underwear two days before and during their periods saw their symptoms improve significantly. In fact, a subsequent survey found that when some women used the magnets for a year or more, they continued to experience pain relief.This story first appeared in WomensHealthmag.com and was written by Stacey Baker. Additional reporting and product recommendations by the Women’s Health SA team. More

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      Your Most Urgent ‘Down There’ Questions Answered By Experts

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      Tada! We asked the experts to tend to your most pressing sexual health questions so you can’t stop shooting in the dark or wondering if there’s something wrong with you. Given the sensitivity of the vaginal region and the important role it plays in reproduction, we really cannot afford to take any chances when it comes to anything sexual health. From STI symptoms, how often to use pantyliners, pre- and post-period diarrhoea to HPV screening and period syncing, find your answers below so you can finally be at ease or know if it’s time to take the next step.

      READ MORE: What’s The Difference Between STDs And STIs?

      Should I be using a pantyliner daily or not?

      “Similarly to how the eye cleanses itself by producing tears, the vagina also produces discharge for the same reason,” says Dr Esther Rockson, a specialist obstetrician, gynaecologist and aesthetic gynaecologist. Naturally, she adds, some women produce excess discharge – a condition known as leukorrhea. Those women may prefer to use pantyliners daily. But hold up! “Always choose a breathable, unscented, cotton-based pantyliner.”

      Word of caution: change your pantyliner at least thrice daily to prevent cross-infection between the anus and the vagina. “These two areas share a short distance, so there’s a risk of getting UTIs from E. coli, a bacteria found in our poo.” Remember to always wipe from the front to back! Not much discharge? There’s no need to wear a pantyliner, advises Dr Rockson.

      Why do I get diarrhoea before and after my period?

      Relax, it’s all down to the hormonal changes in our bodies during this time. Progesterone, a sex hormone released by ovaries after ovulation usually decreases just before your period starts. These low levels speed up bowels, giving way to changes in your digestive system i.e. loose stools, sometimes passed frequently, agree experts. Then there are prostaglandins, hormone-like compounds that are released during your period. They are responsible for period cramping and also cause the gut muscles to contract intensely, thereby resulting in diarrhoea.

      READ MORE: The 9 Best Natural Lubes For A Happy Vagina

      What should I use to wash my va-jay-jay?

      “The inside of a vagina isn’t meant to be washed with products, so water and just your finger will do. For the vulva (the outer part), plain water will also do, but you may also use a mild, non-acidic soap that doesn’t irritate the skin,” says Dr Rockson.

      How often should I go for a pap smear?

      Cape Town-based obs-gyn registrar Dr Rendani Maboko says SA’s current guidelines recommend that Pap smears be done from the age of 21. A Pap smear is recommended every five years and every three years in HIV-positive women. “We are currently pushing to screen yearly on HIV-positive patients,” she says. For the general population, adds Dr Maboko, women who are sexually active should start HPV screening at age 30. “We recommend 30 because HPV has a high prevalence and can be quite transient in nature, especially in younger women,” she explains.

      READ MORE: There Are Actually Some Pretty Big Misconceptions About Egg Freezing In South Africa

      Is period syncing a real thing?

      You’ve just been camping with your girls and now your period’s early. Period syncing stems from the idea that the menstrual cycles of women who spend a lot of time together usually end up aligning. “However, to date, no scientific study has been able to prove that period syncing is actually a real phenomenon,” says Dr Maboko.

      What are the telltale signs of an STI?

      Discomfort as well as a change in the colour and smell of your discharge are some of the earliest signs. “A grey-coloured or yellowy, frothy discharge that smells fishy. Or you could develop ulcers or a rash around the area which could be a sign of herpes. The later signs will be genital warts and the likes,” says Dr Rockson. More

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      These Changes Mean You Might Have An STI – Here’s What They Mean (And What To Do)

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      Part of being a woman assigned at birth can mean there’s always something worrying you. Feeling super emotional? Your period might be on the way! If your period is a little late, you’re probably already obsessing over whether you’re pregnant (even though the last time you had sex was years ago)! And if you experience any vaginal changes? You guessed it – you’re worried you might have contracted an STI. While these are all valid concerns, we’re here to break down the most common STI symptoms and what they mean. The good news is that there are things you can do to protect yourself from infection and treatments are available. But arming yourself with knowledge about STIs can go a long way in keeping you safe.

      Why is knowing STI symptoms important?

      The more you know about STI symptoms, the more you can protect yourself. And, according to the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), “in 2017, there were an estimated 2.3 million new cases of gonorrhoea, 1.9 million new chlamydia cases and 23 175 new syphilis cases among women aged between 15 and 49.” The website continues to note that “these high numbers of STI cases in South Africa have partly been due to inadequate prevention and treatment gaps.” Indeed.

      Um, what’s the difference between an STD and an STI?

      Excellent question! An STI (sexually transmitted infection) “refers to an infection that is transmitted through sexual activity,” explains Dr Mpume Zenda, an obstetrician, gynaecologist and sexologist. “A sexually transmitted disease (STD) refers to a specific condition or illness that has developed as a result of a sexually transmitted infection.” Noted!

      STIs include curable infections like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and trichomonas. An STI could also be an incurable but treatable condition, like herpes simplex virus, HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV), Dr Zenda explains.

      READ MORE: What’s The Difference Between STDs And STIs?

      How treatable are STIs?

      Per Dr Zenda, it depends on the infection. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and trichomonas can be cured with antibiotics. Incurable STIs like herpes, HIV and HPV can be treated with medication and “effective treatment with antiretroviral medication suppresses viral replication,” Dr Zenda notes.

      Can you have an STI but no symptoms?

      Yes, you can. “Some STIs cause no symptoms or only mild symptoms,” says Dr Zenda. But, importantly, even if you exhibit no symptoms, you can still pass the infection on to someone else. For this reason, “if you start a new sexual relationship, get tested for STIs,” advises Dr Jireh Serfontein, clinical head of My Sexual Health Pretoria. Also, “the risk of contracting HIV is much higher if you have an STI, so get tested and treated,” she says.

      How long does it take for an STI to ‘appear’?

      “Every STI has its own incubation period,” explains Dr Zenda. “For some, the body begins to produce antibodies and symptoms in as little as a few days.” Below are the typical timelines for when STI symptoms appear. But know that for some people, it can take weeks or months for an infection to manifest.

      Gonorrhoea: 1 – 7 days

      Chlamydia: 7 – 21 days

      Genital and oral herpes: 2 – 12 days

      HIV: 2 – 4 weeks

      HPV: 1 month – 10 years

      Syphilis: 3 weeks – 20 years  

      Because STI symptoms can take long to show up, it’s important to get tested. It’s also why STI tests use antibodies to detect infection and not symptoms, explains Dr Zenda.

      READ MORE: 8 Things You’ve Heard About STDs That Are Totally Untrue

      What happens if an STI never gets treated?

      Because STIs affect the reproductive tract, explains Dr Zenda, the risk of untreated STIs is that they can affect your reproductive organ. “Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), caused by infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries can lead to infertility,” she says. Added to that, here are other complications from untreated STIs.

      Untreated STIs can affect your pregnancy

      “Pregnant people with untreated chlamydia, for example, are at a greater risk of miscarriage, premature birth, and stillbirth,” explains Dr Zenda.

      Untreated STIs can infect a baby

      Per the National Institutes of Health, a sexually transmitted infection can cross into the placenta and infect the baby in the womb. “High HIV viral loads increase the risk of transmitting the virus to the child during delivery or breastfeeding,” explains Dr Zenda. “Gonorrhoea can be passed from parent to child during vaginal delivery, causing a potentially severe eye infection. Syphilis and herpes can be potentially fatal in a newborn.”

      READ MORE: How Long Does A UTI Last And Can It Go Away On Its Own?

      STI symptoms and what they mean

      Burning sensation when peeing

      While your first instinct could be to think that a burning sensation points to an STI symptom, Dr Zenda says it’s more likely to be a UTI (or urinary tract infection). But yes, in some cases, an STI could cause the burning sensation because of cross-infection, she says. “The pain comes from inflammation in your urinary tract. Bacteria can cling to the lining (mucus membranes) of the urethra, which is the tube urine comes out of, causing inflammation.”

      Per Dr Serfontein, “STIs that cause burning can include herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, ureaplasma or mycoplasma.”

      Unusual discharge

      While discharge can change in quality throughout your menstrual cycle, there are times when your discharge signals an STI. “Changes in the colour, texture, smell or amount of your usual vaginal discharge may mean there is a problem,” says Dr Zenda. “Vaginal discharge that is chunky, foamy or accompanied by itching and changes in colour may mean you have an infection.”

      But! Not all unusual discharge means you have an STI. In some cases, a change in your PH levels, like with a yeast infection or bacterial vaginosis, could result in unusual discharge. In any case, those require treatment, so see your doc.

      READ MORE: At-Home Test Kits: From Ovulation To STDs, Here’s How To Get Results At Home

      Abnormal bleeding

      Two periods in one month? What fresh hell? Take heart: abnormal bleeding could be caused by things other than an STI. It could be a side-effect of starting a new contraception method, but still, it’s very important to see your doctor to rule out any other serious causes, “especially when the bleeding is heavy, post-intercourse, or associated with pain and offensive odour,” says Dr Zenda. Other causes of abnormal bleeding include:

      Cervicitis (inflammation)

      Vaginal tears (especially from poor lubrication)

      Polyps or fibroids

      Pregnancy-related (from ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage )

      Infections including, STIs

      Cancer (cervical, vaginal or endometrial)

      If you’re experiencing abnormal vaginal bleeding, see your doc, stat.

      Itchy vaginal sensation

      Unless you’ve just shaved down there, the itching sensation is not normal, says Dr Serfontein. “It can mean that there is irritation of the skin and mucous membranes in the genital region,” she explains.

      However, it might not be an STI symptom, either. “A yeast infection (thrush) caused by candida typically presents with an itching or burning sensation,” explains Dr Serfontein. Another thing that could cause that itchy sensation? Dermatological conditions like lichen sclerosis. “Some women might experience itching or burning due to side effects of a contraceptive pill as well,” adds Dr Serfontein.

      But if your itching is a sign of an STI, there will be accompanying symptoms, says Dr Serfontein. These could include abnormal vaginal discharge. “But it is important to note that you can have those infections without any symptoms at all, that is why it is so important to get regular STI testing,” says Dr Serfontein.

      Painful sex

      Again, there are other reasons sex could become painful other than an STI. “It is important to determine when the pain started, what type of pain you have and where exactly you experience the pain,” says Dr Serfontein.

      For one, painful sex could be a result of vaginismus. “This is caused by the muscles around the vagina that are in spasm and will result in penetration being painful,” explains Dr Serfontein. In this instance, even using a tampon could be too painful.

      If your pain is deep and located in the lower abdominal area, it could be caused by a cyst or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). “This usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from the vagina to the womb (uterus), fallopian tubes or ovaries,” says Dr Serfontein.

      “It is not that easy to distinguish between sex-related pain and pain caused by an STI,” Dr Serfontein notes. But there are STIs that can cause pain during sex, like chlamydia and gonorrhoea, which causes vaginal irritation that can lead to pain. “Genital herpes can cause blister or sores in the genitals which can also lead to painful sex,” says Dr Serfontein.

      In any case, pain during sex is not normal, she says, so go and see your doc if this happens to you.

      READ MORE: Why Am I Bleeding During Sex? Gynaecologists Explain Common Reasons And Treatments

      Bumps on the vagina

      Bumps could be caused by infection or benign conditions like ingrown hairs, says Dr Serfontein. Infections that could result in bumps include:

      Genital warts: “These lesions will be wart-like in appearance and are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV),” says Dr Serfontein.

      Molluscum: “These lesions are flesh-coloured, round and painless bumps. This is caused by a viral infection called molluscum contagiosum.”

      Genital herpes: “These lesions are blisters and are caused by the herpes virus. It would typically be accompanied by pain in the genital area.”

      Pelvic pain

      “Pain means that there is a problem, it is important to see a doctor,” says Dr Serfontein. “Pelvic pain could be because of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from the vagina to the womb (uterus), fallopian tubes or ovaries.”  You might also experience abnormal discharge, says Dr Serfontein.

      But aside from being an STI symptom, pelvic pain can also be caused by these:

      Bladder infection (UTI) – “A UTI might also cause burning urine or frequent urination,” says Dr Serfontein.

      Cyst on the ovaries

      Problems with the gastrointestinal system

      Referred pain from other regions

      If you’re experiencing any of these unusual symptoms, it’s always a good idea to get things checked out by a doctor. More

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      8 Things You’ve Heard About STDs That Are Totally Untrue

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      Unhappy news: STIs are on the rise in South Africa. This year, the Gauteng Department of Health issued a plea for South Africans not to engage in risky sexual behaviour after the region saw a spike in Male Urethritis Syndrome (MUS), something commonly caused by gonorrhoea and chlamydia. One thing that could be driving rising STI levels? STD myths, along with many people having unprotected sex.

      To avoid spreading misinformation – and STIs – we’re debunking some common STD myths with the truth.

      STD Myth: Once you’ve got an STI, you can’t get the same one again

      Reality: STIs like chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis are bacterial infections and “once you’re cured of those, you can absolutely be re-infected,” says Fred Wyand, director of communications for the American Sexual Health Association, a nonprofit dedicated to promoting sexual health. It’s especially common with gonorrhoea and chlamydia. Researchers from the Netherlands found 20.4 percent of women with chlamydia were re-infected when tested again five to eight months later.

      Myth: You can’t get STIs from oral sex

      Reality: “In general, most of the STIs we talk about don’t do their thing quite as well in the mouth as well as they do in the genital or anal area,” says Wyand. Even though oral sex is safer sex, it’s not risk-free, and vag contact is not a requirement to become infected. Gonorrhoea, syphilis, and chlamydia, to a lesser extent, can all be passed orally.

      Myth: You can’t have two STIs at once

      Reality: Having two STIs at once – called co-infection – is extremely possible. “Actually, having one STI may increase the susceptibility to another,” says Wyand. Take herpes, for example. An outbreak can act as a breeding ground for HIV if your partner has it. Being infected with other STDs also increases your risk of developing HIV. Plus, a 2020 study also found that 83.3% of HIV-positive women in KwaZulu-Natal have other STIs too.

      READ MORE: Can You Really Get An STD From Kissing?

      Myth: If you don’t have any symptoms, you’re STD-free

      Reality: “It is very common for any STD to not have apparent symptoms,” says Wyand. Chlamydia, in particular, is known as a silent infection since it’s light on warning signs. “Women can go much longer with chlamydia without seeing or feeling anything atypical,” says Wyand. In fact, a study published in the journal Sexually Transmitted Diseases found that 63 percent of cervical chlamydia cases and 54 percent of gonorrhoea cases were symptom-free.

      Myth: You can only catch herpes during an outbreak

      Reality: From sores around the genital area to cold sores around the mouth, it’s easy to see why so many people think they can spot a herpes infection from a mile away. It’s not so simple, though. Even if there are no sores in sight, the infection could be lurking beneath the surface. “The virus can and does become active even if you don’t see anything,” says Wyand. Still, that doesn’t mean herpes will automatically be transferred to a partner. Many couples are able to keep their sex lives active without the unaffected partner ever acquiring it, so long as they’re open to using condoms and having honest discussions, says Wyand.

      Myth: A pap smear tests for STDs

      Reality: Many women assume (incorrectly) that a yearly visit to the OB-GYN is all it takes to make sure everything down there is A-OK. A pap smear tests the cells in your cervix for cancer and HPV but doesn’t take STIs into account. To cover yourself, ask your gyno to tack on an STI test at your next visit. That might call for a blood or urine sample, or another swab test.

      READ MORE: What’s The Difference Between STDs and STIs?

      Myth: The pill protects you from STDs

      Reality: The Pill’s main job is to keep you baby-free, not STI-free. Condoms are the only birth control method that acts as protection against STDs.

      Myth: Only women with many partners have STIs

      Reality: No slut-shaming here. While it’s true that the more partners you have, the more you’ll be exposed to infections, STIs rear their ugly heads even in monogamous relationships. Each party brings their own sexual history to the bedroom – and sometimes that history involves an STI. “Even in a monogamous relationship, if either one of the partners has had previous partners, there could be an STD from many years ago that they’re not even aware of that can still be transmitted,” says Wyand. Truth is, most sexually active people will have an STD at some point, so it shouldn’t be shameful. “More and more we’re saying, ‘Do you know what it means to have an STD?’” says Wyand. “It means you’re pretty normal.”

      READ MORE: It’s Time To Stop Believing These Sexual Health Myths More

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      What’s The Difference Between STDs And STIs?

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      You probably learned to group conditions such as herpes, chlamydia and genital warts under the term STD, meaning sexually transmitted disease. But in the past five years or so, these three consonants have increasingly been replaced by STI (sexually transmitted infection), leading many to ask: what’s the actual difference between STDs and STIs?

      Is the term STD… out of fashion?

      More and more OB-GYNs seem to use the latter term when they discuss conditions like herpes and chlamydia with their patients. And if you’ve Googled the topic lately (no judgment!), you probably see STI more than you used to. The short answer? Yeah, in a move to de-stigmatise sexually transmitted complications, the term STD is being used less and less. But the semantics are rooted in a subtle scientific distinction.

      So… what’s the difference between STDs and STIs?

      An STD, or sexually transmitted disease, is so named when a sexually transmitted infection (STI) leads to symptoms. A symptom, or manifestation of an infection in the body, could be something like sores, itchiness or burning. But, importantly, not all STIs present symptoms. Things like HPV, for example, can present no symptoms and can go away on their own. Other STIs like syphilis can also exhibit no symptoms. And, not all STIs progress into STDs. But all STDs start out as STIs. Make sense?

      Why the change?

      More experts are starting to prefer STI because they think it carries less of a stigma.
”The word ‘disease’ implies that a person has a set of distinctive, identifiable symptoms and most of the time, sexually transmitted infections do not present any symptoms,” says Carolyn Deal, chief of the sexually transmitted diseases branch of the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (Despite the branch name, Dean says her colleagues have made the switch to the term STI.)

      Plus, when signs of an STI do appear, they’re often mild or cause no real problem. That makes the term disease feel off, especially considering that millions of people have or have had one, says Fred Wyand, director of communications at the American Sexual Health Association.

      Switching the terminology also has to do with removing the association with shame and unseemliness that the letters STD still have. The word ‘disease’ has a stigma, while ‘infection’ reflects something more benign and less scary, says Deal.

      The bottom line: It’s a good idea to use the term STI in an effort to make everyone feel less intimidated – and to help mitigate the stigma. But if you stick to the old-school STD, it’s not like your friends, partner, and OB-GYN won’t know what you’re talking about. More

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      Um, Can You Really Get An STD From Kissing?

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      We’re willing to bet you’ve asked yourself a ton of questions about kissing… when you were 13. Now, though, aside from hoping their beard’s not too scratchy or they don’t have a cold, you’re not too worried about smooches. Right? Well… per experts, it turns out you could get an STD from kissing. Read it and weep – then protect yourself with knowledge and these tips.

      Can you get an STD from kissing?

      Alas, you actually can. A peck on the mouth (or a full-blown, let-me-shove-my-tongue-down-your-throat make-out session) can actually transmit a couple of different types of STDs [insert cringing emoji here]: herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 and syphilis, says Dr Teena Chopra, corporate medical director of infection prevention and hospital epidemiology at Detroit Medical Center and Wayne State University.

      Talk about a mood killer. Luckily, you don’t have to swear off kissing forever—buuut, it’s a good idea to just be aware of what can be spread through spit-swapping. Here’s what you need to know about the two STDs you can get through kissing.

      What to know about getting herpes from kissing:

      Herpes simplex virus (HSV 1 and 2) infections are one of the most common STDs and, once contracted, they last a lifetime, according to the American National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).

      “Once a person has been infected, the virus can remain dormant (latent) for years before periodically reactivating to cause recurrent disease,” the website notes. Which is why it’s also important to note: people who don’t know they have herpes can still spread herpes, per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

      Whereas HSV-1 is responsible for oral herpes, HSV-2 is what causes genital herpes. However, oral herpes can be spread from the mouth to the genitals as a result of oral sex (when herpes is active), which is how some cases of genital herpes are caused by HSV-1, according to the CDC. And, yes, the reverse is also true: Genital herpes can be passed from one person’s genitals to another person’s mouth, causing oral herpes. Talk about a vicious cycle.

      READ MORE: This Is EXACTLY What Men Think… During Sex

      How to navigate herpes with your partner

      If you’re concerned about herpes (and you know your partner has it), ask them to be diligent about symptoms that signal an outbreak is coming (you’re more likely to contract the virus during a herpes flare). Burning, itching, and/or tingling feelings are all signs that sores are about to appear. Also, medications are available that can decrease how long symptoms last, as well as decrease their severity. But, sadly, there’s no cure (yet!).

      You might also want to encourage your partner to be upfront by assuring them that herpes is nothing to be embarrassed about. In fact, it’s ridiculously common. Per the World Health Organisation (WHO), “An estimated 491 million people aged 15–49 (13%) worldwide have HSV-2 infection.” In South Africa, that number is even higher: studies have found that 40 to 70% of sexually active people have an HSV-2 infection.

      Another prevention method: If your partner has herpes, then they can chat with their doctor about taking medication that can lower their chances of spreading the virus.

      READ MORE: Your June 2024 Sex Horoscope Is Here And It’s Time To Add A Date Night To Your Calendar

      So, what about getting syphilis from kissing?

      Syphilis occurs in four stages, according to the CDC, with different signs and symptoms associated with each stage.

      Primary syphilis will be evident because a person will generally have sores. These will typically be around the genitals and/or mouth, called chancres, per the CDC. These sores are round and painless, per the WHO and heal in a few days.

      Secondary syphilis includes a skin rash, swollen lymph nodes and fever. Symptoms will go away without treatment, per the WHO.

      Sneakily, there are no signs or symptoms during the third or latent stage of the STD. Unfortunately, this can be deadly and can progress to the fourth and final stage if left untreated.

      The fourth stage of syphilis, however, known as tertiary syphilis, can be linked to severe medical problems. Left untreated, syphilis can affect the heart, brain, and other organs of the body, according to the CDC.

      The infection can be passed by direct contact with a sore during the first three stages. It can be passed on via vaginal, anal, or oral sex—and, yes, even through kissing. Importantly, syphilis is treatable and curable.

      READ MORE: At-Home Test Kits: From Ovulation To STDs, Here’s How To Get Results At Home

      How to navigate syphilis with your partner

      Chopra says the only way to avoid syphilis is to avoid sex or kissing completely. But uh, since that’s not totally practical, there are ways to reduce your risk.

      Straight-up asking new partners whether or not they have an STD, as awkward as this is, is a good idea. It’s also ok to ask new partners to get tested. And if you see a sore, it’s totally ok – and advisable – to avoid kissing, says Dr Amesh A. Adalja, an infectious diseases physician.

      And while you’re at it, make sure to get yourself tested too. Doctors won’t typically test you for herpes unless you’re showing symptoms like sores, but you can still get tested for syphilis whether you’re showing signs or not.

      The bottom line: Ask questions before getting hot and heavy. If you know your partner has herpes or syphilis, cool it on the kissing until active oral sores are treated or healed.

      This article was originally published on www.womenshealthmag.com More

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      The 9 Best Natural Lubes For A Happy Vagina

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      It’s no secret that, for lots of people, lube is a game-changer when it comes to sex. So you’d probably assume that lubes (‘normal’ and natural lubes) are pretty safe (even good) for your vagina given their myriad other benefits — and most are. But you need to proceed with caution and familiarise yourself with a few things before you use them. Here’s what you need to know about natural lubes.

      READ MORE: 7 Common Things That Make Your Vagina Smell Strange

      Who Should Use Natural Lubes?

      “The traditional and most commonly used lubes are water- or silicone-based which won’t disrupt the vagina’s delicate pH balance, which can cause an infection,” says Dr Sherry A. Ross, a gynaecologist and author of She-ology and She-ology. The She-quel. Let’s Continue the Conversation.

      But — and this is a big but — if the ingredients used to create the scents, warming capabilities, and flavours of some lubes are doing you more harm than good by irritating your sensitive skin down there, you might find you’re better off with a natural alternative.

      READ MORE: 3 Women Tried Different Vagina Pumps — This Is What They Thought

      What Does Natural Actually Mean?

      Now this, of course, opens up a whole new world of uncertainties. With so many lubes on the market claiming to be “natural” and “organic,” it’s hard to tell what those labels actually mean for you and your vag.

      Here are the facts: It all comes down to ingredients. The fewer ingredients, the more natural the lube.

      “In general, both natural and organic lubricants do not contain those extra non-pure additives including synthetic chemicals, dyes, preservatives, artificial fragrances and other toxins,” says Ross.

      READ MORE: 10 Tips To Keep Your Vagina Happy And Healthy

      What’s The Difference Between Natural And Organic Lube?

      The notable difference between “natural” and “organic” lubes really comes down to how the ingredients in each are sourced and whether they’ve been certified.

      Organic lubes are made from certified ingredients while natural ones are not. To be truly organic, a lube’s ingredients won’t have interacted with chemicals such as pesticides, fertilisers, and GMOs.

      READ MORE: Pop Quiz: Do You Actually Know What’s Going On With Your Vagina?

      Can Natural Lubes Give You An Infection?

      That said, some natural and organic lubes can still be tricky for your vagina and include ingredients that you’ll want to avoid. Take, petroleum jelly or mineral oil, for example: They can up your risk of developing bacterial vaginosis or other vaginal infections, says Dr Alyssa Dweck, a gynaecologist.

      9 Natural Lubes You Should Try

      To make sure you’re adding only the safest options to your cart, you’ll want to shop from this list of the best natural lubricants. Many of these feature coconut oil, aloe vera, or vitamin E for a silky, slippery texture and none of the potentially icky stuff (plastics, artificial fragrances, and oh, those pesky parabens).

      READ MORE: Vaginal Infections 101 — What You Need To Know About That Itch

      Pro tip: Always test a bit of lube on your wrist to see if it causes any irritation. If it doesn’t, give it a try on your vulva to double-check before using it during sex.

      OSKE Aqua Natural Lubricant Tube

      OSKE is vegan and free of petroleum, silicone, parabens, fragrance and glycerin. It’s also made from mostly organic materials and is packing aloe vera, water, and xanthan gum extract.

      Liquid Gold Rooibos Infused Water-Based Lubricant

      If your go-to synthetic lube gets clumpy after prolonged use or thickens the more you apply, make the switch to Liquid Gold. This water-based lube feels smooth, silky and slippery to the touch.

      Pjur Woman Vegan Water-Based Lubricant

      This premium lube is made without parabens, paraffin and glycerin. This PH-optimised lube is also free of fragrances, colourings and gluten so gluten-free folks can enjoy this one.

      READ MORE: Vaginal Probiotics Are Having A Moment – But How Do They Work?

      Intimate Earth MELT Organic Warming Lubricant

      This is a great lube if you have sensitive skin – the gentle formula is silky smooth and a little goes a long way. Plus, it’s condom-friendly and has organic extracts.

      Anara Aloe Gel Personal Lubricant

      A multitasker you’ll repurchase over and over, this aloe vera-based natural lube also relieves itchy and dry skin and even UTIs. Plus, it’s great for menopause.

      Oliō Natural Intimate Lubricant

      This CBD-infused lube is water-based and provides a relaxing and soothing sensation to the skin. Plus, it might improve blood flow, for heightened pleasure.

      Green Peach Essensually Wild Water-Based Lube

      This lube has 100mg of fast-acting full-spectrum CBD. It works to relieve tension and keep you present as you indulge.

      Faithful to Nature Water-Based Lubricant

      Made with organic aloe and prebiotics, is 96% organic, won’t dry up or get sticky and comes inn eco-friendly packaging.

      SuperNaturals Personal Lubricant

      Made with cape botanicals, this natural lube has a silky, smooth texture and is cruelty-free. What’s not to love about it?

      Women’s Health participates in various affiliate marketing programmes, which means we may get commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. More

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      It’s Time To Stop Believing These Sexual Health Myths

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      From periods to contraception to fertility, women’s sexual health is subject to its fair share of myths. In South Africa alone, these myths are not just rampant but serve as a barrier for women to access healthcare. Per one study, “In South Africa, about one in five (19%) women of reproductive age (15–49 years) have an unmet need for contraception, with even higher unmet need among adolescent girls aged 15–19 years at 31%, and 28% for young women aged 20–24 years.” Myths around contraception prevent women from accessing these services, leading to unwanted pregnancy and STIs.

      We’ve dispelled some common myths with input from the experts to lay down some need-to-know facts. Here, the most common sexual health myths you can happily stop believing – and what to know instead.

      Meet the experts: Dr Nico Lin is an Obstetric and Gynaecology registrar at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town. Dr Siyamak Saleh is a doctor, WHO consultant and sexual health influencer.

      Sexual Health Myth #1: You can’t get pregnant during your period.

      While menstruation does mean that your body is shedding its uterine wall, along with an unfertilised egg, this doesn’t mean pregnancy is impossible. “Although the likelihood is lower, it is possible to fall pregnant during your period,” says Dr Lin. “Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to 7 days. Some women have shorter menstrual cycles and can ovulate shortly after the period ends.”

      What this means: when your period comes to an end, sperm might still be around, allowing you to fall pregnant once ovulation takes place. Always wear protection if you don’t want to become pregnant.

      READ MORE: Here’s Exactly How Your Vagina Changes In Your 20s, 30s And 40s

      Myth #2: The pull-out method works

      Talk about risky business. Per Dr Lin, pre-ejaculation can occur during sex, which could lead to unwanted pregnancy. “The pull-out method or withdrawal method is an unreliable form of birth control because pre-ejaculate can contain sperm, leading to the risk of unintended pregnancy,” he says. Again, use contraception like condoms, the IUD or birth control pills if you want to remain child-free.

      Myth #3: Certain sex positions will increase your chance of falling pregnant

      Just like how you can’t intuit the sex of your unborn child, a special sex position won’t make it easier to fall pregnant. “There is no scientific evidence to support this idea,” says Dr Lin. “Timing of intercourse is more important than sexual position as the key factor in achieving pregnancy is the sperm’s ability to reach the egg during ovulation. Regular unprotected sexual intercourse around the time of ovulation is recommended if you are trying to conceive.”

      Myth #4: Having a regular menstrual cycle means you are always fertile

      “While having regular menstrual cycles is associated with regular ovulation, it does not guarantee fertility,” Dr Lin explains. “Other factors can affect fertility, such as structural abnormalities of the female reproductive tract and endometriosis.” If you are trying to conceive, see your doctor for a check-up to gauge your fertility.

      READ MORE: 5 Simple Ways To Tell Exactly When You’re Ovulating

      Myth #5: Using birth control for a long time makes you infertile

      Simply not true, experts agree. “Long-term use of birth control methods such as pills, injections and intra-uterine devices typically do not impact fertility negatively,” says Dr Lin. “Fertility usually resumes once you stop using the contraceptive. However, responses may vary among individuals with a return to fertility ranging between 2-18 months. Duration of contraceptive use has also been proven to not affect long-term fertility.”

      Also, it’s important to remember that age plays a factor in fertility. The more you age, the more fertility declines. “This means if someone uses birth control for many years, they might find it more challenging to conceive not because of the birth control itself, but because of age-related changes in fertility,” Dr Saleh explains.

      Myth #6: Using contraception will make your partner infertile

      First, let’s make it clear that this is completely untrue. Here’s how hormonal contraceptives work: “They prevent ovulation and thicken the mucus at the mouth of the womb, preventing sperm from entering the reproductive tract,” explains Dr Lin. “It can also work by thinning the lining of the womb, making it less likely for a fertilised egg to implant and grow.” The bottom line: since these methods work within the female reproductive system, they do not affect the partner’s fertility.

      READ MORE: Here’s How To Have A Discussion With Your Doctor About Sex

      Myth #7: The Morning After Pill Is Always Effective

      Well… it’s a bit more complicated than this. “Many factors influence the effectiveness of the morning-after pill, a crucial form of emergency contraception,” says Dr Saleh. “It’s most effective when taken within 24 hours after unprotected sex. There are two primary types of emergency contraception pills: one that contains levonorgestrel (e.g., Plan B One-Step), which is most effective within 72 hours, and another, Ella (ulipristal acetate), which can be taken up to 5 days after unprotected sex. The key mechanism of the morning-after pill is to delay ovulation; therefore, if ovulation has already occurred, the pill will NOT be effective. Additionally, the efficacy of morning-after pills is affected by BMI; higher BMI levels may reduce their effectiveness.”

      Myth #8: Steaming and douching are great for vaginal health

      Leave these practices behind, experts say. “Steaming and douching can disrupt the natural balance of the vagina, leading to several potential risks,” explains Dr Saleh. “These practices can affect the vaginal pH, making the environment more susceptible to infections and irritation. Steaming, in particular, might introduce excessive heat to sensitive areas, potentially leading to burns or discomfort.

      Both steaming and douching can upset the natural balance of healthy bacteria in the vagina, increasing the risk of bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections.” Plus, your vagina is a self-cleaning machine and is designed to maintain its balance without the need for internal cleansing like douching, Dr Saleh warns. Just use a mild soap and water and you’ll be fine.

      READ MORE: Pop Quiz: Do You Actually Know What’s Going On With Your Vagina?

      Myth #9: Vaginal discharge means infection

      This sexual health myth couldn’t be further from the truth. It’s more the quality of the discharge that determines inflammation and infection. “Vaginal discharge is a natural and healthy part of the vagina’s self-cleansing mechanism. Not all discharge indicates an infection,” says Dr Saleh. If your discharge is white, that’s normal.

      “Signs that discharge may be due to an infection include a change in colour, consistency, smell, or if it’s accompanied by other symptoms like itching, irritation or even lower abdominal pain. Discharge that is green, grey, or has a strong odour might signal an infection, such as bacterial vaginosis or an STI, and requires a consultation with a healthcare provider,” explains Dr Saleh.

      Michelle is the features editor at WH. She’s immensely curious about the world, passionate about health and wellness and enjoys a good surf when the waves are good. More