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    “I Ignored My Symptoms For 10 Years. It Turned Out To Be This Life-Altering Condition.”

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    For over a decade, 29-year-old Lizé Coetzer from Cape Town ignored the things that were happening in her body. Then she found out they were severe endometriosis symptoms. This is her story. What Is Endometriosis? According to the World Health Organization (WHO), endometriosis is a disease in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. This can cause severe pain in the pelvis and also make it harder to get pregnant. Up to 30% of women with endometriosis struggle to get pregnant, according to the American Society of Reproductive Medicine,“Endometriosis is a whole-body disease; endometrial tissue can grow almost anywhere in the body, but mostly effects the pelvic region,” explains Lizé.READ MORE: Everything You Need To Know About EndometriosisWhen Does Endometriosis Start?Endometriosis can start at a person’s first menstrual period and last until menopause. It affects women and girls of reproductive age, mostly between the ages of 15 and 49. And according to WHO, roughly 10% (190 million) of reproductive age women and girls globally are affected by endometriosis.What Are Some Common Endometriosis Symptoms?Painful periods

    Cramps

    Gastrointestinal or bladder issues

    Pain during or after sex 

    Backache

    Fertility issuesREAD MORE: The Best Sex Toys For Those With EndometriosisHow It Began For Lizé“For over 10 years, I’ve normalised symptoms that I now know are due to severe endometriosis. It’s a chronic condition that affects millions of women, yet remains shrouded in silence and misunderstanding,” says Lizé.“Together, we can push for better understanding, better treatments and ultimately, better lives for everyone affected by endometriosis.”How Lizé Lives With Endometriosis“Living with endometriosis has been incredibly challenging. The pain, the fatigue and the emotional toll – it’s all real and it’s all too often dismissed,” she says.READ MORE: Painful Periods? PCOS? Meet The Hormone-Balancing SuppsHow Do I Alleviate My Endometriosis Symptoms?“I use a massage gun, heated pads and warm baths to help me cope. I also had to adjust my wardrobe because inflammation causes significant bloating in my stomach. That means looser clothes and t-shirts or ‘bloat-friendly pants’, as I like to call them,” Lizé says. Theragun Relief

    This comfortable, light and easy-to-use device uses scientifically-proven percussive massage therapy to provide fast and effective relief from daily aches, pains, tension, and stiffness. 

    Therabody RecoveryTherm Cube

    Say goodbye to messy, melting ice bags and scalding heating pads! This compact, wearable, portable device delivers instant cold, hot and contrast therapies whenever you need relief.

    Beurer Period Pain Relief

    Offering natural, medication-free relief from menstrual and endometriosis pain, it combines 15 transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation intensity levels and heat therapy.

    What Is The State Of Endometriosis Care In South Africa?“I wish medical specialists had more training for endo. In my experience, most gynaecologists have no idea what endometriosis is. There are only very specific specialists who are able to diagnose and treat endometriosis. Their availability and the medical costs involved mean their services are not attainable for many people,” Lizé expresses.READ MORE: Why It’s Important To Talk About Your Periods + How To Do ItHow Can We Improve Endometriosis Care In South Africa?“We should begin prioritising women’s health and shouldn’t normalise painful periods. Endometriosis is responsible for over 30 percent of all cases of infertility among women and yet it receives little funding for research and treatments,” remarks Lizé. “Governments and medical institutions should invest more in research and support for those living with endometriosis.”“I also believe that awareness and community support are crucial. We need to speak up!”“If you’re experiencing similar symptoms, please don’t ignore them. Seek medical advice, find a supportive community and know that you’re not alone. Let’s advocate for ourselves and each other,” advises Lizé.“Together, we can push for better understanding, better treatments and ultimately, better lives for everyone affected by endometriosis.” Women’s Health participates in various affiliate marketing programmes, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. More

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      Painful Periods? PCOS? Meet The Hormone-Balancing Supps

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      Jooce. Kiko. Zoie. Bluum. These are just some of the burgeoning supplement brands on the market, offered as a long-awaited answer to the problem of menstrual disorders and unmanageable menopause symptoms. But how do these hormone balancing supps work – and are they effective?Women’s Health Solutions Are IgnoredIn the healthcare industry, menstrual disorders and menopause are the last to be addressed. This translates into countless women struggling for years with painful periods and hormonal issues with little to no lasting solutions. Globally, statistics reflect that only 5% of global research and development was allocated to women’s health in 2020, with 4% of that going into cancer research, leaving just 1% for all other women-specific conditions. According to a report by the World Economic Forum and McKinsey Health Institute, while women do live longer than men, they also spend 25% more of their lives in debilitating health, a figure which represents around nine years.Overall, the solutions to conditions like endometriosis, PCOS and adverse menopause symptoms are invasive, expensive and largely out of touch with women’s needs. For example, the only way to diagnose endometriosis is through surgery. As a result, many women wait ten years for a diagnosis.  Enter: Hormone-Balancing SuppsUnwilling to wait for governments and healthcare companies to catch on, independent businesses are addressing women’s dire need for assistance in battling hormonal problems. And, if you’ve been around the wellness block, you’ll be surprised to see how familiar the ingredients are: magnesium citrate, zinc, vitamin E and B vitamins. Others, while more woo-woo, are still familiar: maca root and ashwagandha, typically used for energy boosting and reducing stress, respectively. Naturally, WH decided to try them out.Reviewed: Primeve Plus

      Primeve Plus

      “This supplement’s main ingredient is evening primrose oil; I’ve been using this for my fibrocystic breasts, but it’s also been incredible for PMS symptoms. What is great about this product is that it’s filled with many vitamins such as magnesium, which helps with sleep. I felt instant relief in my breasts; the hardness, tenderness, most painful to the touch had gone. They also went down a size!”

      – Pia, Creative Director

      Reviewed: Zoie Health Cycle Calm

      Zoie Health Cycle Calm

      “I’ve been using ‘Cycle Calm’ for a few months now, and I swear by it. I take it before and during my cycle, and it helps with mood swings and cramps (thank you, magnesium!). Also, it actually tastes good – big plus when you’re craving something sweet.”

      – Chamain, Digital Editor

      The Hormone-Balancing RevolutionA quick scroll through different brands’ websites shows waves of positive reviews, from improved skin and more regular periods to weight loss and minimal period pain. One woman wrote that after a year of no cycle, her periods returned. Dr Kalantsho Maoto, an endoscopic surgeon and fertility and endocrinology specialist, points out that the term “hormone balancing” is a misnomer. “They happen to have some effect on conditions that are hormone-mediated. But it doesn’t necessarily mean that they are hormone balancing in their own right,” he says. Instead, Dr Maoto says they’re something like “inflammatory mediators in hormone-mediated conditions – but that’s a mouthful”.Before, these ingredients’ efficacy was based on traditional practices or anecdotal evidence. Now, some science backs up their efficacy. Studies are now showing that adaptogens like ashwagandha are not only great for stress but also affect hormone health, improving menopause and menstruation symptoms. And its efficacy has permeated Dr Maoto’s practice, with women walking in and asking about it. However, what’s important to remember is that conditions like PCOS and endometriosis, which many women are taking hormone-balancing supps for, are “systemic diseases”, explains Dr Maoto. It’s not just that there is a hormonal component; there are multifactorial components, including inflammatory, there’s immunology.” And, supplements don’t only work on one body part, but multiple at the same time. For inositol, something common in PCOS supplements, it would help tackle inflammatory markers and insulin levels, which in turn, would create better blood sugar levels, which would alleviate PCOS symptoms, explains Dr Maoto. But from a scientific point of view, researchers may not be concerned with this, which might be why robust studies are thin on the ground. “The real question would be, so what if you’re trying to get someone to ovulate, to get them pregnant? Does it actually have an effect on their pregnancy rates? Because that’s the thing to measure,” explains Dr Maoto.The Key Ingredients For Better PeriodsEven so, companies are meeting the need for relief from painful cycle-related symptoms. “Our Zoie Health supplements are curated by a team of pharmacists, dieticians and gynaecologists,” says Naznin Bhom, pharmacist academic intern at Zoie Health, a tech company that offers telehealth services, supplements for women and a community for women to connect. “The team selected ingredients and dosages based on rigorous scientific research, safety profiles with a focus on addressing critical aspects of women’s health. We considered ingredients with strong evidence supporting their efficacy and synergistic effects to enhance overall wellness.” Ingredients used in the Zoie Health range include chaste tree berry, ashwagandha, African potato and green rooibos. “Many of these plants originated in Africa, known for its great diversity in herbal and African medicine,” explains Bhom. “Chaste tree berry is an ancient remedy used to ease menstrual discomfort, manage PMS and promote fertility. Our very own green rooibos, indigenous to South Africa, offers anti-inflammatory and anti-ageing benefits.”Bhom notes that these supplements work to help regulate hormones for a better cycle, but they also impact many other facets of women’s health. “Hormones are powerful signals; too much or too little of them causes a drastic change in women’s bodies,” she says. Take skincare: much acne and even hyperpigmentation can be linked to hormonal changes from excess oestrogen production or pregnancy. In many cases, rave reviews from these hormone-balancing supps start with the glowing changes in skin and fewer period pains.The Hero IngredientsHere, the popular ingredients filling up hormone-balancing supps bottles: Ashwagandha

      The adaptogenic herb helps with balancing hormones. In studies of perimenopausal women, supplementing with the herb for eight weeks improved menopausal symptoms. Overall, more studies are needed to understand its role, but anecdotal evidence from women is promising.

      B vitamins

      Vitamin B1 has been shown to help ease painful periods and reduce PMS symptoms; B6 does the same, but is best used in conjunction with other B vitamins.

      Chasteberry

      Chasteberry helps normalise the menstrual cycle by increasing progesterone production and reducing prolactin, which is linked to menstrual disorders. It’s been used to help with PMS, irregular periods and more.Zinc

      Not just a hero for combating a cold, zinc is a PCOS fighter, helping to decrease insulin resistance and reducing excess hair growth. In one study, women took 50mg a day to combat excessive hair growth associated with PCOS.

      Probiotics

      Good gut health not only helps keep your bowels regular but also flushes out excess hormones, which in turn regulates your cycle. Also, a healthy gut biome helps the body absorb nutrients, creating proper conditions for the creation of hormones.

      Are Hormone-Balancing Supplements Safe?The golden rule is to always check with your doctor before taking any supplement. That said, many are not necessarily dangerous. “Most supplements don’t actually do any harm,” says Dr Maoto. “When it comes to their safety profile, most of them are fine. Most of these supplements, our bodies actually have. We’re not putting into our body something that the body doesn’t actually know.”“These supplements offer a non-invasive, natural alternative or complement to conventional treatments like hormone therapy,” says Bhom. “The implications are promising, as more women seek out personalised, accessible ways to manage hormonal disorders without relying solely on pharmaceuticals,” says Bhom.Dr Maoto adds a very important asterisk: with a good diet, you may not need supplements at all. “If you’re eating well enough, it means you have enough vitamin D, you have enough iron, you have enough inositol, you have enough coenzymes,” he says. To that end, incorporate more foods with the key vitamins and minerals you need.The Goods  A few hormone-balancing supps for period pain, overall regulation and menopause support.Bluum Menopause Support

      Bluum Menopause Support

      This natural supplement is made to support the transition from perimenopause to menopause. It helps to alleviate hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings and more.

      Vitamin Me PMS Support + Hormone Balance

      Vitamin Me PMS Support + Hormone Balance

      Containing essential vitamins and minerals known to target PMS and hormonal challenges, this PMS Support + Hormone Balance helps to alleviate PMS symptoms and hormone imbalances.

      Solal Hormone Balance Natural HRT

      Solal Hormone Balance Natural HRT

      From relieving period pain to preventing osteoporosis in menopause, this supplement, with chasteberry, black cohosh and vitamin D, is a natural version of HRT.

      Kiko Vitals Hormone Balance

      Kiko Vitals Hormone Balance

      A mix of plant sources like Dong Quai, maca and ashwagandha, this supplement aims to combat an out-of-sync cycle and promote regular periods and clear skin.

      Jooce Hormone Balance Powder

      Jooce Hormone Balance Powder

      According to Jooce, this blend of myo-inositol, magnesium, folic acid and more works to support ovarian function, prevent hormonal acne and unwanted hair growth.

      Zoie Health PCOS Pro

      Zoie Health PCOS Pro

      Made for support, this blend helps with improving metabolic health and hormonal balance. Plus, you can buy a three or six-month bundle or subscribe for a monthly supply. Lush.

      Women’s Health participates in various affiliate marketing programmes, which means we may get commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. More

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      Why It’s Important To Talk About Your Periods + How To Do It

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      For many – if not most – people with ovaries, the first period is unexpected, painful and secretive. Without anything being said, we are silently taught to not talk about periods, despite it being a natural part of the menstrual cycle. But sweeping the issue under the rug can have negative impacts. “As sociological studies demonstrate, menstrual stigma is rooted in ideologies that construct menstruating women as leaking, unhygienic and irrational. Such discourses are indicative of a societal imperative to ensure that menstrual blood remains concealed,” explains one study in Social Semiotics. No longer, we say! So, read on – and take this as your cue to talk about your periods more.Talking about your periods is effectiveOne brand pushing to take periods out of its shame era is Kotex, which partnered with experts, thought leaders, South Africa’s Department of Basic Education, and some of the country’s most popular influencers to spread a message of hope and empowerment around the menstrual cycle. This formed part of their contribution to 2024 Women’s Month. As part of their campaign, they visited schools to educate young people about periods, dispelling myths, addressing period stigmas and sharing practical tips.It’s deeply necessary in a country where 43% of people with periods admitted to experiencing stigmatization and shame attached to menstruation, which is more prevalent among those aged 18 and younger, according to Kotex’s latest survey. In an effort to break the stigma and bring menstrual issues to the fore, more and more influencers are jumping on board to share their insights. On TikTok, the tag #periods has over 100 000 posts, with hundreds of relating tags, from #periodstories to #periodhacks. It’s encouraging to see the conversation, especially with the knowledge that over half of Gen Z use TikTok and Instagram to search for answers to a question – instead of consulting Google.“Efforts like these [to talk about periods] are crucial to the ongoing encouragement and support of young girls and women to be the best versions of themselves, no matter what time of the month it is,” asserts medical professional and health advocate Dr Nosipho Danielle Mhlanga.READ MORE: Got Two Periods In One Month? These Are All Of The Possible Reasons WhySpeaking more ushers in changeAnother way it’s effective is that it can create real change. For example, in 2018, armed with the knowledge that many people with periods in South Africa struggle to afford sanitary products, Kotex and its industry peers took to lobbying government to remove the VAT charge for sanitary pads. It worked: sanitary pads have since been declared zero-rated or VAT-exempt.Similarly, we need talks like this to grow even further so that more research is put into menstruation that can help those who have a cycle. Case in point: only this year did a study confirm that period products’ absorbency claims are misleading since the products are tested with salt water – not actual blood.The implications of the study results are far more wide-reaching than buying the incorrect tampons: per researchers, it means that doctors may be underdiagnosing heavy menstrual bleeding, a factor that signals larger health conditions.Simply put, the more we discuss our experiences – good or bad – the more we are able to ask for change. Here, experts dish how to broach the subject when it feels awkward.Expert tips to help talk about periodsAs a mother, normalise the conversationHaving your first period can be a daunting, confusing experience. By reassuring your child, they can start to feel comfortable with their evolving body. “Emphasize that menstruation is something that happens to all women and is a sign of a healthy body,” says Dr Esther Rockson, an OB/GYN based in Midrand. “You could say, ‘Periods are a normal part of being a woman. It’s just your body working as it should.’”And, says Naznin Bhom, pharmacist academic intern at Zoie Health, steer clear of euphemisms or negative connotations. Avoid phrases that carry an implication of shame, such as ‘a dirty secret’ or ‘that time of the month’,” she says. “Instead, frame menstruation as a sign of maturity and an important aspect of health. By encouraging open dialogue and providing reassurance, you can help girls feel empowered rather than embarrassed. After all, periods are a natural part of life, and there is absolutely nothing to be ashamed of.”Lastly, encourage questions, says Dr Rockson. “Let her know that she can ask you anything and that there’s no such thing as a silly question. This openness helps remove any sense of embarrassment,” she adds.READ MORE: These Unusual PMS Symptom Treatments Actually Work – Minus PainkillersHow to talk about periods at workPainful periods or the extreme fatigue that it can often come with make work difficult to complete, much less explain to a superior. Dr Rockson recommends preparing in advance, choosing the right time and setting (like a one-on-one meeting) and keeping things solution-focused. Bhom recommends this line: “‘I sometimes experience painful periods that can affect my focus. I’d appreciate any flexibility during that time.’ This opens up a dialogue and demonstrates your professionalism while prioritising your health,” she adds.  Per Dr Rockson, avoid over-explaining yourself or apologising. “You deserve to take care of your health and being honest about it shouldn’t require excessive apologies,” she says.How to broach the subject with your docTo make things crystal-clear to your doctor that you need help (beyond an offer of contraception), come with a few things in your arsenal. Dr Rockson suggests keeping a “detailed record of your periods, symptoms, and their severity. Note things like the frequency of your periods, pain levels (e.g., cramps, headaches, etc.), flow (light, heavy), and how it affects your daily life (e.g., missing work, inability to exercise). Having this data can make your concerns more concrete,” she says.Next, she recommends asking targeting questions, like “Is it normal to experience this much pain?” or “Could this be a sign of something like endometriosis?”.“Use clear, straightforward language,” says Bhom. “Like, ‘I’ve been experiencing severe cramps and irregular cycles.’ If you feel dismissed or gaslit, don’t hesitate to seek a second opinion. You deserve compassionate and thorough care, and advocating for yourself is key!”Be louder about period stigma everywhere else“To cultivate a culture that doesn’t normalise severe period pain, begin by sharing your experiences honestly and encouraging others to do the same,” says Bhom. “Foster conversations about menstrual health without stigma, promoting the idea that seeking help for period problems is not only acceptable but essential.”For Dr Rockson, part of changing the narrative involves challenging myths and stigmas. “If you hear people downplaying period pain or dismissing the need to see a doctor, gently correct them,” she says. Similarly, if someone brings up their struggle with periods, acknowledge their struggle. Lastly, Dr Rockson says it’s important to support period-friendly work and school policies.  “In workplace or educational settings, support policies that make it easier for people to manage their periods without shame or hardship. This could include things like providing paid sick leave for menstrual pain or ensuring easy access to menstrual products,” she says.READ MORE: 4 Most Common Questions Women Ask About Their Sexual Health More

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      Is There Anything You Can Eat To Make Your Vagina Smell Good + More Sexual Health Questions Answered

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      Where sexual health is concerned, there are many misconceptions doing the rounds because…between Google and TikTok, someone’s always ready to play expert. From whether you’ll be able to have good sex after a hysterectomy to whether probiotics really do anything for your vaginal health – and everything else in between – Pretoria-based ob-gyn Dr Sebolelo Mojaki sheds some light on some of those questions you and your friends tried to answer yourselves at your last get-together.READ MORE: 4 Most Common Questions Women Ask About Their Sexual HealthIs it true that sex drive increases with age in women — what are the biological reasons behind that?You likely won’t notice a dramatic difference in your libido when you enter different decades of life. Factors that affect your libido just tend to happen as you transition from your 20s to your 40s and beyond. Learn more about how libido changes with age, including typical times when sex drive may dip, treatment options, and when to contact a healthcare provider.What is my vagina supposed to smell like?Tangy, fermented, or sour. These are perfectly healthy adjectives to describe the vaginal odour created by your normal bacterial flora. Good bacteria help keep your vagina healthy by producing lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and other substances to keep harmful bacteria at bay.READ MORE: These Unusual PMS Symptom Treatments Actually Work – Minus PainkillersWhy do some women experience ovulation and not period pains? Ovulation pain is usually felt on one side of the pelvis, either left or right, depending on which ovary releases the egg. It can feel like a twinge or pop, and it may last for a few moments or longer. Other conditions that can cause similar pain to ovulation include: Endometriosis, Ovarian cysts, Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia, Scar tissue from surgery near the ovaries, and An ectopic pregnancy.  Stress, anxiety, excessive exercise, and significant weight loss can also disrupt your menstrual cycle. Should I be taking probiotics daily for my vaginal health?There is no consensus on whether probiotic supplements are effective for vaginal health, and some experts say they are a waste of money. Antibiotics are the recommended treatment for conditions related to vaginal imbalance. However, some research suggests that probiotics may be helpful in certain situations:After taking antibiotics  

      For recurring bacterial vaginosis  

      For women who want to try a probiotic, some studies suggest that those containing Lactobacillus rhamnosusGR-1 may be beneficial  Before taking probiotics, you should consult a healthcare professional to get a proper diagnosis and treatment. READ MORE: Your Most Urgent ‘Down There’ Questions Answered By ExpertsIs there anything that I can eat to make my vagina smell good? There is no evidence that eating large amounts of fruits like pineapple or banana will significantly change the smell or taste of a vulva.What kind of vaginal discharge is normal?Normal vaginal discharge is usually clear, white, or off-white, and can be thin, sticky, elastic, thick, or gooey. It may have a slight odour, but it shouldn’t be strong or unpleasant. The amount of discharge can vary from person to person, and it can change throughout your menstrual cycle. Here are some other characteristics of normal vaginal discharge:It may increase two weeks before menstruation.  

      It may change or increase with some birth control methods.  

      It doesn’t cause itchiness or irritation.  

      It may look yellow when it dries on underwear or a panty liner.Can I still have good sex after hysterectomy?A hysterectomy shouldn’t affect your ability to enjoy sex. Typically, it does not affect sensation in the vagina or a woman’s ability to have an orgasm. However, if your ovaries were removed during the procedure, it could affect your sex drive due to hormonal changes. More

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      7 Sexual Health And Wellness Products That Every Woman Should Aim To Own

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      When we think about sex, it’s not unusual for our minds to jump immediately to the typical sexy things – toys, different positions to try out, flirty tips, how to have a better orgasm etc – but we should also be thinking about our sexual health and wellness and making sure that all our working parts are at their optimum so that sex can be the earth-shattering, spine-tingling experience we all want it to be. It’s important to remember that you can’t have good sex if your body isn’t at its best.We’ve rounded up a few products that will help you take control of your sexual health and not leave it to the last minute when an itch suddenly alerts you to something being wrong down there. Ahead, seven amazing health and wellness products you need to add to your shopping list today:READ MORE: Add ‘Prone Bone’ To Your List Of Hottest Sex Positions To Try Out SoonFemina Probiotic Capsules with Cranberry Extract

      Probiotics

      The role of probiotics in vaginal health is well documented with experts unanimous about their benefits. They can help you maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome, reduce the risk of UTIs, support the immune system, reduce inflammation, may help with your vaginal pH balance and promote optimal overall vaginal health. We love these daily probiotic dietary supplement capsules that balance yeast and bacteria to maintain and support feminine intimate health. Ideal if you suffer from recurrent yeast (candidiasis), bacterial vaginosis and UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) infections.

      Liqui Gold Lube

      Lubricant

      This light formula is created to work in harmony with your body’s ecosystem, not against it. The power of Liquid Gold Lube doesn’t end there, you also get to enjoy the antioxidant benefits of rooibos as you enjoy the ride. Lube reduces friction, therefore lessening your risk of injury during sex. And if you’re using condoms, lube also makes it less likely that it’ll break or fall off, therefore increasing your protection against STIs including HIV.

      Plus One Toy Cleaning Wipes

      Sex Toy Wipes

      Ppsssstttt, listen up if you’re a sex toy girlie! Using unsanitary sex toys can potentially introduce unwanted bacteria into the vaginal environment. This can lead to the overgrowth of bacteria known as bacterial vaginosis or cause a urinary tract infection, says Joburg-based specialist obstetrician, gynaecologist and aesthetic gynaecologist Dr Esther Rockson. We recommend these individually wrapped toy cleansing wipes that are made with all-natural ingredients. They’re paraben-free, alcohol-free, hypoallergenic, pH balanced and cruelty-free) and are safe for both the body and sex toys.

      READ MORE: 4 Most Common Questions Women Ask About Their Sexual HealthBioSmart STI Basic 3 Test Female

      STI Testing Kit

      The BASIC 3 STI Test is a DNA test for three common STI’s will give you peace of mind without a trip to the clinic! Try at-home STI testing for fast and private results. This test detects current infection of 3 common STIs using a urine sample. This sample kit includes a urine sample collection device. Your urine sample is collected and sent for DNA testing at the BioSmart laboratory for trichomonas vaginalis, chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoea.

      First Health One Step HIV Self Test

      HIV Rapid Test

      Practising safe sex is the most important aspect of having sex. No pleasure is worth the potentially life-threatening consequences of having unprotected sex. But things do go wrong and sometimes no matter how well you are prepared, things don’t always go to plan and mistakes can happen. It’s always best to go to a qualified person, who will be able to offer you counselling should you receive a positive result, but for whatever reason, should you need to do a test at home, this HIV test will give you results in 10 to 15 minutes. If you do get a positive result, consult a health practitioner as soon as possible.

      READ MORE: The Best Lubes For (Almost) Every Type Of Sex SeshMy Cup’in Menstrual Cup With Cleansing Cup

      Menstrual Cup

      We’re all becoming more and more aware of how the effects of living are impacting our environment in a negative way. One very simple way of lessening such an impact is to use a reusable menstrual cup, which will replace tampons and pads. It’s also a great way to save money since it will last for years. The My Cup’in has no dyes, BPS, phthalates, plastics or toxins and is a great body-safe alternative, allowing you to collect your fluid without any odour, mess or discomfort.

      Gynaguard Ultimate Daily Control Intimate Wash

      Intimate Wash

      Before you read on, heed Dr Rockson’s wise words: “The inside of a vagina isn’t meant to be washed with products, so water and just your finger will do. For the vulva (the outer part), plain water will also do, but you may also use a mild, non-acidic soap that doesn’t irritate the skin,” says Dr Rockson. We love this OG intimate wash by Gynaguard that gently rinses away odour-causing germs from your most sensitive areas, without causing dryness or irritation, while supporting and reinforcing a healthy pH balance.

      Women’s Health participates in various affiliate marketing programmes, which means we may get commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. More

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      4 Most Common Questions Women Ask About Their Sexual Health

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      What does your ‘Girls Night’ consist of? Pizza, wine and a few episodes of Emily In Paris? Or is it a night where you and your girls get deep into conversations about sex, toys and men? For many, it will be the first option, as the latter tends to make many feel uncomfortable. Why is it difficult to engage in conversations about our sexual health? Perhaps it’s a fear of judgement, that something may be “wrong” with you?Did you know that a staggering 63% of women experience some form of sexual discomfort? Yes. It’s you and almost every woman around you!Don’t worry, we have your back. Here’s a list of questions and answers you may be thinking of, but have never been comfortable to ask before.1. My period is irregular — have I reached menopause?You’ve crossed off all the calendar days and Aunty Flo hasn’t paid you a visit yet. Your initial thoughts could be pregnancy or menopause. Menopause is a reality between 45 and 55, but irregular periods can happen at any age. Dr Bradley Wagemaker, Medical Director at Lamelle Research Laboratories says, “When your body experiences hormonal imbalances and changes in hormone levels (such as when taking contraceptives or falling pregnant), you could experience an irregular flow.”Research suggests that stress and pollution can affect the body, causing devastating effects on your sex organs and your vital sex hormone: oestrogen.READ MORE: These Unusual PMS Symptom Treatments Actually Work – Minus Painkillers2. Why am I so moody?I find it offensive when people accuse me of being moody. It’s never my fault, but my hormones fault. Mood swings are very common when there are hormonal changes happening inside your body. “Oxidative stress depletes nitric oxide in your body, causing the type of hormonal changes that lead to mood swings at any age,” says Dr Bradley Wagemaker.3. I’m struggling to “get in the mood” — help me!You want to get your groove back, but it’s a bit of a struggle? Dr Bradley Wagemaker says, “A decrease in libido or sexual desire is a normal psychological (mental) response to the physiological (physical) damage in your organs. When you experience dryness and discomfort during sex, your brain will often trigger a natural response in your brain to try and avoid the uncomfortable situation again.” Don’t be embarrassed and don’t avoid sex either. Explore different ways to spice things up in the bedroom.READ MORE: The 9 Best Natural Lubes For A Happy Vagina4. How can I improve intimacy with my partner?A couple’s physical intimacy requires work to maintain beyond the “honeymoon phase”. Take care of yourself by investing in your wellness, your personal development and your mindfulness. When you’re feeling your best, you bring an important vitality to your relationship. Be curious and open yourself up to new things. More

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      These Unusual PMS Symptom Treatments Actually Work – Minus Painkillers

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      If you’re like most people with ovaries on earth, you have a hate-hate relationship with PMS. Seriously, what’s to like about premenstrual syndrome, with its ugly calling cards: mood swings, bloating, uncontrollable food cravings and irrational crying fits? The worst part? We’ve mostly been taught that PMS symptom treatments start with hot water bottles and chocolate and end with a heavy dose of painkillers. No longer! We’ve scoured the science, and as it turns out, we can do so many things to make those PMS symptoms so much less painful. What are PMS symptoms? All told, the condition describes a collection of more than 150 symptoms that can strike the week before your period due to an imbalance of oestrogen and progesterone levels. Factors such as stress, insufficient sleep and unhealthy eating compound the hormonal plunge, says hormone researcher Lorraine Pintus, author of Jump Off The Hormone Swing. The most common PMS symptoms include:Mood swings

      Feelings of depression or irritation and anxiety

      Tiredness or trouble sleeping or feeling extra fatigued

      Bloating or cramping – or both

      Tender breasts

      Headaches or migraines

      Acne

      Changes in appetiteThe good news? PMS symptom treatments exist that don’t involve a raid of the medicine cabinet. No matter your symptoms, you may be able to find a fix with these alternative therapies.READ MORE: PCOS Diet Plan: The Best Foods To Eat (And Limit) When You Have PCOS, According To ExpertsPMS symptom treatmentsThe right vitamins BEST FOR: mood swings, sore breasts, cramps, headaches, acneIntroducing the new premenstrual superstars: vitamin E and essential fatty acids, according to a study in Reproductive Health. Women who swallowed the two every day for six months saw major PMS improvements, possibly because both nutrients interact with prostaglandin receptors (prostaglandins are the hormones believed to cause fierce cramps). What to look for: A daily multivitamin should supply you with the 15mg of vitamin E you need and you can pop a daily fish oil capsule to get your fatty acids. Vitamin B6, magnesium and calcium – the mineral you get from a diet full of leafy greens, almonds and yoghurt – may help prevent several PMS symptoms, according to Dr Erika Coertzen, a Limpopo-based integrative medical doctor and homoeopath. Aim for about 1 300mg of calcium a day.READ MORE: Your Most Urgent ‘Down There’ Questions Answered By ExpertsAcupunctureBEST FOR: cramps, anxiety, insomnia, headaches, nauseaFinally, a prick you can love. Research shows acupuncture is a brilliant PMS symptom treatment. One study found that acupuncture quelled symptoms in 78 percent of women.Though Western doctors still don’t quite understand how it works, they believe acupuncture may increase circulation and elevate endorphins, which enhance mood and alleviate pain. A 2018 study remarks that it works on a variety of inflammatory markers, which may ease pain. Most women experience PMS relief within 24 hours after a session, so depending on your reaction, you could get treated once a month in the week before your period.Progesterone CreamBEST FOR: mood swings, cramps, anxiety, insomniaBecause researchers believe most premenstrual troubles stem from out-of-balance oestrogen and progesterone levels, many treatments aim to restore that equilibrium (one reason birth control pills are often prescribed for PMS).Using a natural progesterone cream – applied daily to your inner thighs or lower abdomen before your period – can have a similar effect, says integrative and functional medical practitioner Dr Frank Lipman. Although a few forms – such as Solal – are available OTC at pharmacies, you should consult your doctor before using them. WH advisor Dr Tamlyn McKeag recommends a combination of evening primrose oil, vitamins and minerals, or the herbal pill Agnucaston instead.HerbsBEST FOR: mood swings, sore breasts, cramps, bloatingScience suggests the leafy stuff might lighten your PMS load. The chaste tree berry has been the go-to plant for easing women’s gynaecological complaints for more than 2000 years. It may help stimulate and regulate different hormones. Added to that, it can increase natural progesterone in the second half of your cycle, says Coertzen. This may seriously improve your bloating, irritability and achy-boob symptoms. Evening primrose oil, high in the essential fatty acid GLA, is also often used to soothe breast tenderness.Dong quai, liquorice and wild yam may help alleviate migraines, cramps and bloating. And, valerian root and St John’s wort may calm your moods. (Be sure to check with your GP before beginning any regimen.) These hormone-balancing supps, when taken regularly, could work to ease your PMS symptoms, since they contain these herbs:KIKO Vitals Hormone Balance

      This supp, with chaste berry, magnesium and ashwagandha, is used for irregular periods, PMS and even PCOS.

      Zoie Health Cycle Calm

      Carefully constructed by experts, this supplement eases your flow with chase berry, L-Theanine and artemisia herb to regulate periods.

      Vitamin Me PMS Support

      Formulated specifically for PMS, this blend, with St John’s Wort and other herbal extracts, works to alleviate PMS and regulate hormonal function.

      Sweating and stretchingBEST FOR: mood swings, cramps, anxiety, headaches, back painDon’t snigger. Mild forms of exercise can be a potent PMS symptom treatment, says Tegan Burger, owner of Joburg-based Ubuntu Yoga. Working out releases painkilling endorphins and triggers dopamine (the pleasure hormone) and serotonin (a depression and anxiety fighter).Yoga’s breathing exercises also help eliminate moodiness, says Burger, who recommends regular practice (starting twice a week) for long-term benefits. When PMS strikes, try poses like triangle and reclining goddess to open the hips. Do twisting postures like half spinal twist to ease lower back pain. Gland-stimulating poses such as cobra, bow, boat and bridge will also help. Avoid inversions during the heaviest part of your period.READ MORE: Soothe Your PMS Symptoms With This 15-Minute Yoga WorkoutNatural diureticsBEST FOR: bloatingFluid retention, a particularly unsightly PMS signature symptom (“Um, these pants fitted last week!”), builds up as a result of fluctuating hormones. It can make you feel like overstuffed wors. Eastern doctors have believed for centuries that nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and vitamins B and C act as natural diuretics, relieving big-time bloat.Western docs have recently caught on, advising patients to snack on bananas, fennel, tomatoes, celery, watercress and citrus fruits pre-period. And think twice before you reach for your morning latte or a diet cool drink to get things, um, moving. Research shows that while caffeine might be able to slash fluid retention to potentially bring down bloating, it can also heighten anxiety.DIY massageBEST FOR: cramps, headaches, bloatingSelf-massage can lessen your pre-period woes, as any kind of rubdown increases blood flow and eases muscle and mental tension. Some of the essential oils used in massage also make a difference, including lavender (a muscle relaxer) and geranium (an oestrogen balancer) but it’s important to dilute them before applying to your skin.Use several drops of one type of oil in a handful of massage lotion and start on your right side above your groin, massaging up to your waist in a clockwise motion. “Always massage in a clockwise direction around the abdominal area as digestion takes place from left to right,” says Cape Town massage therapist Lisa Roese, who also recommends massaging your lower back. Do it for five minutes twice a day during peak PMS time.Magnetic therapyBEST FOR: sore breasts, cramps, bloating, acneDoctors have used pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) to relieve depression and chronic pain, and now it seems magnets can also do wonders as a PMS symptom treatment. In a study, women who wore magnetic devices attached to the sides of their underwear two days before and during their periods saw their symptoms improve significantly. In fact, a subsequent survey found that when some women used the magnets for a year or more, they continued to experience pain relief.This story first appeared in WomensHealthmag.com and was written by Stacey Baker. Additional reporting and product recommendations by the Women’s Health SA team. More

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      Your Most Urgent ‘Down There’ Questions Answered By Experts

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      Tada! We asked the experts to tend to your most pressing sexual health questions so you can’t stop shooting in the dark or wondering if there’s something wrong with you. Given the sensitivity of the vaginal region and the important role it plays in reproduction, we really cannot afford to take any chances when it comes to anything sexual health. From STI symptoms, how often to use pantyliners, pre- and post-period diarrhoea to HPV screening and period syncing, find your answers below so you can finally be at ease or know if it’s time to take the next step.

      READ MORE: What’s The Difference Between STDs And STIs?

      Should I be using a pantyliner daily or not?

      “Similarly to how the eye cleanses itself by producing tears, the vagina also produces discharge for the same reason,” says Dr Esther Rockson, a specialist obstetrician, gynaecologist and aesthetic gynaecologist. Naturally, she adds, some women produce excess discharge – a condition known as leukorrhea. Those women may prefer to use pantyliners daily. But hold up! “Always choose a breathable, unscented, cotton-based pantyliner.”

      Word of caution: change your pantyliner at least thrice daily to prevent cross-infection between the anus and the vagina. “These two areas share a short distance, so there’s a risk of getting UTIs from E. coli, a bacteria found in our poo.” Remember to always wipe from the front to back! Not much discharge? There’s no need to wear a pantyliner, advises Dr Rockson.

      Why do I get diarrhoea before and after my period?

      Relax, it’s all down to the hormonal changes in our bodies during this time. Progesterone, a sex hormone released by ovaries after ovulation usually decreases just before your period starts. These low levels speed up bowels, giving way to changes in your digestive system i.e. loose stools, sometimes passed frequently, agree experts. Then there are prostaglandins, hormone-like compounds that are released during your period. They are responsible for period cramping and also cause the gut muscles to contract intensely, thereby resulting in diarrhoea.

      READ MORE: The 9 Best Natural Lubes For A Happy Vagina

      What should I use to wash my va-jay-jay?

      “The inside of a vagina isn’t meant to be washed with products, so water and just your finger will do. For the vulva (the outer part), plain water will also do, but you may also use a mild, non-acidic soap that doesn’t irritate the skin,” says Dr Rockson.

      How often should I go for a pap smear?

      Cape Town-based obs-gyn registrar Dr Rendani Maboko says SA’s current guidelines recommend that Pap smears be done from the age of 21. A Pap smear is recommended every five years and every three years in HIV-positive women. “We are currently pushing to screen yearly on HIV-positive patients,” she says. For the general population, adds Dr Maboko, women who are sexually active should start HPV screening at age 30. “We recommend 30 because HPV has a high prevalence and can be quite transient in nature, especially in younger women,” she explains.

      READ MORE: There Are Actually Some Pretty Big Misconceptions About Egg Freezing In South Africa

      Is period syncing a real thing?

      You’ve just been camping with your girls and now your period’s early. Period syncing stems from the idea that the menstrual cycles of women who spend a lot of time together usually end up aligning. “However, to date, no scientific study has been able to prove that period syncing is actually a real phenomenon,” says Dr Maboko.

      What are the telltale signs of an STI?

      Discomfort as well as a change in the colour and smell of your discharge are some of the earliest signs. “A grey-coloured or yellowy, frothy discharge that smells fishy. Or you could develop ulcers or a rash around the area which could be a sign of herpes. The later signs will be genital warts and the likes,” says Dr Rockson. More

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      These Changes Mean You Might Have An STI – Here’s What They Mean (And What To Do)

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      Part of being a woman assigned at birth can mean there’s always something worrying you. Feeling super emotional? Your period might be on the way! If your period is a little late, you’re probably already obsessing over whether you’re pregnant (even though the last time you had sex was years ago)! And if you experience any vaginal changes? You guessed it – you’re worried you might have contracted an STI. While these are all valid concerns, we’re here to break down the most common STI symptoms and what they mean. The good news is that there are things you can do to protect yourself from infection and treatments are available. But arming yourself with knowledge about STIs can go a long way in keeping you safe.

      Why is knowing STI symptoms important?

      The more you know about STI symptoms, the more you can protect yourself. And, according to the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), “in 2017, there were an estimated 2.3 million new cases of gonorrhoea, 1.9 million new chlamydia cases and 23 175 new syphilis cases among women aged between 15 and 49.” The website continues to note that “these high numbers of STI cases in South Africa have partly been due to inadequate prevention and treatment gaps.” Indeed.

      Um, what’s the difference between an STD and an STI?

      Excellent question! An STI (sexually transmitted infection) “refers to an infection that is transmitted through sexual activity,” explains Dr Mpume Zenda, an obstetrician, gynaecologist and sexologist. “A sexually transmitted disease (STD) refers to a specific condition or illness that has developed as a result of a sexually transmitted infection.” Noted!

      STIs include curable infections like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and trichomonas. An STI could also be an incurable but treatable condition, like herpes simplex virus, HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV), Dr Zenda explains.

      READ MORE: What’s The Difference Between STDs And STIs?

      How treatable are STIs?

      Per Dr Zenda, it depends on the infection. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and trichomonas can be cured with antibiotics. Incurable STIs like herpes, HIV and HPV can be treated with medication and “effective treatment with antiretroviral medication suppresses viral replication,” Dr Zenda notes.

      Can you have an STI but no symptoms?

      Yes, you can. “Some STIs cause no symptoms or only mild symptoms,” says Dr Zenda. But, importantly, even if you exhibit no symptoms, you can still pass the infection on to someone else. For this reason, “if you start a new sexual relationship, get tested for STIs,” advises Dr Jireh Serfontein, clinical head of My Sexual Health Pretoria. Also, “the risk of contracting HIV is much higher if you have an STI, so get tested and treated,” she says.

      How long does it take for an STI to ‘appear’?

      “Every STI has its own incubation period,” explains Dr Zenda. “For some, the body begins to produce antibodies and symptoms in as little as a few days.” Below are the typical timelines for when STI symptoms appear. But know that for some people, it can take weeks or months for an infection to manifest.

      Gonorrhoea: 1 – 7 days

      Chlamydia: 7 – 21 days

      Genital and oral herpes: 2 – 12 days

      HIV: 2 – 4 weeks

      HPV: 1 month – 10 years

      Syphilis: 3 weeks – 20 years  

      Because STI symptoms can take long to show up, it’s important to get tested. It’s also why STI tests use antibodies to detect infection and not symptoms, explains Dr Zenda.

      READ MORE: 8 Things You’ve Heard About STDs That Are Totally Untrue

      What happens if an STI never gets treated?

      Because STIs affect the reproductive tract, explains Dr Zenda, the risk of untreated STIs is that they can affect your reproductive organ. “Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), caused by infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries can lead to infertility,” she says. Added to that, here are other complications from untreated STIs.

      Untreated STIs can affect your pregnancy

      “Pregnant people with untreated chlamydia, for example, are at a greater risk of miscarriage, premature birth, and stillbirth,” explains Dr Zenda.

      Untreated STIs can infect a baby

      Per the National Institutes of Health, a sexually transmitted infection can cross into the placenta and infect the baby in the womb. “High HIV viral loads increase the risk of transmitting the virus to the child during delivery or breastfeeding,” explains Dr Zenda. “Gonorrhoea can be passed from parent to child during vaginal delivery, causing a potentially severe eye infection. Syphilis and herpes can be potentially fatal in a newborn.”

      READ MORE: How Long Does A UTI Last And Can It Go Away On Its Own?

      STI symptoms and what they mean

      Burning sensation when peeing

      While your first instinct could be to think that a burning sensation points to an STI symptom, Dr Zenda says it’s more likely to be a UTI (or urinary tract infection). But yes, in some cases, an STI could cause the burning sensation because of cross-infection, she says. “The pain comes from inflammation in your urinary tract. Bacteria can cling to the lining (mucus membranes) of the urethra, which is the tube urine comes out of, causing inflammation.”

      Per Dr Serfontein, “STIs that cause burning can include herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, ureaplasma or mycoplasma.”

      Unusual discharge

      While discharge can change in quality throughout your menstrual cycle, there are times when your discharge signals an STI. “Changes in the colour, texture, smell or amount of your usual vaginal discharge may mean there is a problem,” says Dr Zenda. “Vaginal discharge that is chunky, foamy or accompanied by itching and changes in colour may mean you have an infection.”

      But! Not all unusual discharge means you have an STI. In some cases, a change in your PH levels, like with a yeast infection or bacterial vaginosis, could result in unusual discharge. In any case, those require treatment, so see your doc.

      READ MORE: At-Home Test Kits: From Ovulation To STDs, Here’s How To Get Results At Home

      Abnormal bleeding

      Two periods in one month? What fresh hell? Take heart: abnormal bleeding could be caused by things other than an STI. It could be a side-effect of starting a new contraception method, but still, it’s very important to see your doctor to rule out any other serious causes, “especially when the bleeding is heavy, post-intercourse, or associated with pain and offensive odour,” says Dr Zenda. Other causes of abnormal bleeding include:

      Cervicitis (inflammation)

      Vaginal tears (especially from poor lubrication)

      Polyps or fibroids

      Pregnancy-related (from ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage )

      Infections including, STIs

      Cancer (cervical, vaginal or endometrial)

      If you’re experiencing abnormal vaginal bleeding, see your doc, stat.

      Itchy vaginal sensation

      Unless you’ve just shaved down there, the itching sensation is not normal, says Dr Serfontein. “It can mean that there is irritation of the skin and mucous membranes in the genital region,” she explains.

      However, it might not be an STI symptom, either. “A yeast infection (thrush) caused by candida typically presents with an itching or burning sensation,” explains Dr Serfontein. Another thing that could cause that itchy sensation? Dermatological conditions like lichen sclerosis. “Some women might experience itching or burning due to side effects of a contraceptive pill as well,” adds Dr Serfontein.

      But if your itching is a sign of an STI, there will be accompanying symptoms, says Dr Serfontein. These could include abnormal vaginal discharge. “But it is important to note that you can have those infections without any symptoms at all, that is why it is so important to get regular STI testing,” says Dr Serfontein.

      Painful sex

      Again, there are other reasons sex could become painful other than an STI. “It is important to determine when the pain started, what type of pain you have and where exactly you experience the pain,” says Dr Serfontein.

      For one, painful sex could be a result of vaginismus. “This is caused by the muscles around the vagina that are in spasm and will result in penetration being painful,” explains Dr Serfontein. In this instance, even using a tampon could be too painful.

      If your pain is deep and located in the lower abdominal area, it could be caused by a cyst or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). “This usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from the vagina to the womb (uterus), fallopian tubes or ovaries,” says Dr Serfontein.

      “It is not that easy to distinguish between sex-related pain and pain caused by an STI,” Dr Serfontein notes. But there are STIs that can cause pain during sex, like chlamydia and gonorrhoea, which causes vaginal irritation that can lead to pain. “Genital herpes can cause blister or sores in the genitals which can also lead to painful sex,” says Dr Serfontein.

      In any case, pain during sex is not normal, she says, so go and see your doc if this happens to you.

      READ MORE: Why Am I Bleeding During Sex? Gynaecologists Explain Common Reasons And Treatments

      Bumps on the vagina

      Bumps could be caused by infection or benign conditions like ingrown hairs, says Dr Serfontein. Infections that could result in bumps include:

      Genital warts: “These lesions will be wart-like in appearance and are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV),” says Dr Serfontein.

      Molluscum: “These lesions are flesh-coloured, round and painless bumps. This is caused by a viral infection called molluscum contagiosum.”

      Genital herpes: “These lesions are blisters and are caused by the herpes virus. It would typically be accompanied by pain in the genital area.”

      Pelvic pain

      “Pain means that there is a problem, it is important to see a doctor,” says Dr Serfontein. “Pelvic pain could be because of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from the vagina to the womb (uterus), fallopian tubes or ovaries.”  You might also experience abnormal discharge, says Dr Serfontein.

      But aside from being an STI symptom, pelvic pain can also be caused by these:

      Bladder infection (UTI) – “A UTI might also cause burning urine or frequent urination,” says Dr Serfontein.

      Cyst on the ovaries

      Problems with the gastrointestinal system

      Referred pain from other regions

      If you’re experiencing any of these unusual symptoms, it’s always a good idea to get things checked out by a doctor. More