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    Heads Up – Flu Season Has Already Begun. Here’s How To Prepare

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    Nothing marks the end of summer quite like the onset of flu season. This year, it’s arrived a full four weeks earlier than last year – the earliest start since 2010. Typically, flu season in South Africa starts in April and peaks in early June.In case you weren’t sure, the flu is a virus, meaning it grows and changes in time, like a living organism. Every year, flu strains change, and our bodies need to keep up to fight infection. “While some people let these viruses run their course without taking precautionary steps, people must know that complications from flu, like pneumonia and the effects of flu combined with other health conditions, can be very serious, even fatal,” warns Dr Noluthando Nematswerani, Head of the Centre for Clinical Excellence at Discovery Health.Which Strains Are Circulating This Flu Season?Every February and September, the World Health Organisation (WHO) organises technical consultations to recommend the viruses to include in influenza vaccines for the upcoming Northern and Southern Hemisphere influenza seasons. Since the influenza virus is constantly evolving, updating vaccines is crucial to ensure their continued effectiveness against circulating strains.This year, the trivalent vaccine has been formulated to protect against these three strains that are expected to be most prevalent during the 2025 flu season in the Southern Hemisphere:Influenza A (H1N1): One of the most common in recent years, which is sometimes referred to as swine flu.

    Influenza A (H3N2): Another common influenza A strain that typically circulates each year. It is often associated with more severe illness in older adults.

    Influenza B (Victoria lineage): This strain is also frequently found in circulation and has been shown to demonstrate elevated infection rates in children.READ MORE: 10 Cold And Flu Remedies That Actually WorkWhat Should I Do During Flu Season?While an early start doesn’t mean that this flu season will be more severe than others, it does mean it’s time to ramp up your medicine closet’s supply and schedule your flu vaccine, if you haven’t done so already. To prevent spreading the flu or keep yourself from getting sick, add these practices:Wash your hands often

    Cover your coughs and sneezes with your elbow or a tissue

    Avoid close contact with people who are sick

    Stay home if you are feeling unwellPer the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, if your symptoms worsen or don’t improve within three to seven days, seek medical attention.Is It Too Late To Get Vaccinated?Short answer: no. Although the vaccine is most effective when given before the season starts, “it is not too late to get vaccinated,” says the NICD in a press release. “Protection develops about two weeks after vaccination, and annual vaccination is needed as flu viruses change over time and protection does not last from one year to the next.”READ MORE: Missed A Dose? It Could Be Costing More Than You ThinkWhy Should I Get The Flu Vaccine?The vaccine protects not just yourself but others around you from getting ill or with serious complications. For most people, flu symptoms are mild and resolve in a few days. But for some, influenza can lead to severe illness, hospitalisation, or even death. Those most at risk include:Pregnant women

    People living with HIV

    Individuals with chronic conditions like diabetes, lung disease, heart disease, tuberculosis, kidney disease, or obesity

    Older adults (65 years and older)

    Children younger than 2 yearsGiven the burden of disease already plaguing South Africans and a lack of water in some provinces, leading to a decline in basic hygiene, it’s more important than ever to prevent the onset of the flu. Aside from eating foods that boost your immunity and taking your vitamins, getting a vaccination is the best defence against new strains of the virus.Although the vaccine is most effective when given before the season starts, it’s not too late to get vaccinated. Protection develops about two weeks after the jab, and annual vaccination is needed since flu viruses change over time and protection does not last from one year to the next.How Do Vaccinations Work?Once you’ve been injected, your body develops the necessary antibodies to fight off the flu, which usually takes about two weeks. For this reason, now is the best time to get vaccinated – by the time flu season hits, you’re likely immune. And the idea that the vaccine makes you sick? It could happen that you are exposed to the flu virus before or during the two-week period that it takes to develop virus antibodies or become exposed to a circulating seasonal strain not included in the vaccine. Other illnesses, including the common cold, can have similar symptoms to the flu.READ MORE: “I Ignored My Symptoms For 10 Years. It Turned Out To Be This Life-Altering Condition.”Where Can I Get The Flu Shot In South Africa?Pharmacies in your area should be able to administer the shot. You can try Medirite, Clicks and Dis-Chem. Public health clinics and hospitals also offer the jab.You Can Get The Flu Vax For Free If…The National Department of Health provides influenza vaccination free of charge to healthcare workers, individuals aged 65 years and older, individuals with cardiovascular disease (including chronic heart disease, hypertension, or stroke), diabetes, chronic lung disease (including asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), immunosuppressive conditions (e.g. living with HIV and AIDS, or malignancy), as well as pregnant women. More

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      “I Ignored My Symptoms For 10 Years. It Turned Out To Be This Life-Altering Condition.”

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      For over a decade, 29-year-old Lizé Coetzer from Cape Town ignored the things that were happening in her body. Then she found out they were severe endometriosis symptoms. This is her story. What Is Endometriosis? According to the World Health Organization (WHO), endometriosis is a disease in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. This can cause severe pain in the pelvis and also make it harder to get pregnant. Up to 30% of women with endometriosis struggle to get pregnant, according to the American Society of Reproductive Medicine,“Endometriosis is a whole-body disease; endometrial tissue can grow almost anywhere in the body, but mostly effects the pelvic region,” explains Lizé.READ MORE: Everything You Need To Know About EndometriosisWhen Does Endometriosis Start?Endometriosis can start at a person’s first menstrual period and last until menopause. It affects women and girls of reproductive age, mostly between the ages of 15 and 49. And according to WHO, roughly 10% (190 million) of reproductive age women and girls globally are affected by endometriosis.What Are Some Common Endometriosis Symptoms?Painful periods

      Cramps

      Gastrointestinal or bladder issues

      Pain during or after sex 

      Backache

      Fertility issuesREAD MORE: The Best Sex Toys For Those With EndometriosisHow It Began For Lizé“For over 10 years, I’ve normalised symptoms that I now know are due to severe endometriosis. It’s a chronic condition that affects millions of women, yet remains shrouded in silence and misunderstanding,” says Lizé.“Together, we can push for better understanding, better treatments and ultimately, better lives for everyone affected by endometriosis.”How Lizé Lives With Endometriosis“Living with endometriosis has been incredibly challenging. The pain, the fatigue and the emotional toll – it’s all real and it’s all too often dismissed,” she says.READ MORE: Painful Periods? PCOS? Meet The Hormone-Balancing SuppsHow Do I Alleviate My Endometriosis Symptoms?“I use a massage gun, heated pads and warm baths to help me cope. I also had to adjust my wardrobe because inflammation causes significant bloating in my stomach. That means looser clothes and t-shirts or ‘bloat-friendly pants’, as I like to call them,” Lizé says. Theragun Relief

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      What Is The State Of Endometriosis Care In South Africa?“I wish medical specialists had more training for endo. In my experience, most gynaecologists have no idea what endometriosis is. There are only very specific specialists who are able to diagnose and treat endometriosis. Their availability and the medical costs involved mean their services are not attainable for many people,” Lizé expresses.READ MORE: Why It’s Important To Talk About Your Periods + How To Do ItHow Can We Improve Endometriosis Care In South Africa?“We should begin prioritising women’s health and shouldn’t normalise painful periods. Endometriosis is responsible for over 30 percent of all cases of infertility among women and yet it receives little funding for research and treatments,” remarks Lizé. “Governments and medical institutions should invest more in research and support for those living with endometriosis.”“I also believe that awareness and community support are crucial. We need to speak up!”“If you’re experiencing similar symptoms, please don’t ignore them. Seek medical advice, find a supportive community and know that you’re not alone. Let’s advocate for ourselves and each other,” advises Lizé.“Together, we can push for better understanding, better treatments and ultimately, better lives for everyone affected by endometriosis.” Women’s Health participates in various affiliate marketing programmes, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. More

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      What To Do If A Leaky Bladder Is Ruining Your Workouts

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      Getting in your stride during a workout is a great “I Am Woman, Hear Me Roar!” feeling. But a leaky bladder, known as urinary incontinence, can ruin your flow by sending you to the bathroom every two minutes. If this sounds like you, read on about incontinence and how to tighten the lid on a leaky bladder.What is a leaky bladder during workouts?You’ll likely experience this if you jump, lift heavy or even sneeze – and you accidentally pee yourself. This leaky bladder during workouts, formally known as urinary incontinence (UI), is “the involuntary leakage of urine”, says Dr Julius Jacobs, a Pretoria-based urologist. “Urinary incontinence occurs when the muscles and nerves that control the bladder fail to work properly, leading to accidental urine leakage.”It exists on a spectrum, which includes just a few drops or the complete inability to control your bladder.  There are also different types of UI:Stress incontinence: A leaky bladder when pressure is put on it (i.e., you bracing your core during a heavy lift or coughing). “It is often linked to weakened pelvic floor muscles [like] after childbirth or surgery.”Urge incontinence: Also known as an overactive bladder, this type involves a sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by involuntary leakage. It is caused by overactivity of the bladder muscles and may occur frequently, even during the night.Overflow incontinence: This happens when the bladder does not empty completely, leading to dribbling or constant leakage. It can result from nerve damage, blockages, or weak bladder muscles (your pelvic floor muscles are separate from these).Functional incontinence: A physical or mental impairment, such as arthritis or dementia, which prevents someone from reaching the bathroom in time.Mixed incontinence: This is a combination of two or more types, often stress and urge incontinence.READ MORE: Pelvic Floor Exercises: What Are They & How, When And Why Do You Need ThemWhy is a leaky bladder even happening?A number of factors influence the presence of urinary incontinence:Certain consumables: excessive caffeine, alcohol or even some meds can irritate the bladder, says Dr Jacobs. They may also increase urine production, meaning multiple bathroom trips.Medical conditions: Like functional incontinence, some conditions might impact UI. This includes diabetes, obesity, UTIs or neurological disorders, says Dr Jacobs.Ageing: With age, bladder capacity decreases, along with muscle tone, which increases the risk for a leaky bladder.  Pregnancy and childbirth: “The added weight during pregnancy and potential pelvic trauma from childbirth can weaken bladder control,” explains Dr Jacobs.READ MORE: 8 Pelvic Floor Exercises That Are Better Than KegelsTreatment options for urinary incontinenceIn some cases, you can improve UI yourself by following these tips:Reduce the alcohol or caffeine intake and time the consumption. (Try to drink less before a workout or when you’re sick; when you know your bladder is iffy.)

      Consider your weight. Research shows a correlation between having unhealthy excess fat and having UI. Per a paper in Obstetrics & Gynaecology, obesity is shown to be a strong risk factor for urinary incontinence. It’s thought that excess body weight increases the pressure on the abdomen and bladder, which in turn damages the nerves and muscles that create a healthy pelvis-bladder function. Studies have also shown that weight loss could reduce UI.  

      Do pelvic floor exercises. You knew this would feature in a story about a leaky bladder! It’s not only great for sex and overall health but is a very important factor in reducing UI. These include Kegel exercises and using weights, like Yoni eggs.

      Try bladder training. If you schedule your bathroom breaks and add in delay techniques, this could retrain your bladder, says Dr Jacobs.

      Wear pads. They’ll keep things dry.

      Get medical intervention. In cases where the above doesn’t work, it’s best to see a doctor for assistance.READ MORE: This 5-Move Pelvic Circuit Will Totally Change How Your Orgasm FeelsIs it time for a doctor?If things don’t improve, it’s worth checking in with a professional, like a urologist. This would include diagnostic tests, like urine analysis, imaging (ultrasounds or other imaging to assess bladder and urethra function) and specialised tests, like urodynamic testing to measure bladder pressure and function.What would medical treatments involve?Treatment would depend on the type and severity of incontinence, says Dr Jacobs. This might include medication to relax bladder muscles or address underlying conditions, medical devices or Botox (to calm overactive bladder muscles). It might also include surgery, in severe cases. More

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      4 Pretty Gross Skin Problems You Can Pick Up At The Gym

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      Yoga mats. Shower floors. Dumbbells. You could be exposing your skin to a host of germs while you’re going for #gains (Eeeeeew!). Here, dermatologist Dr Dagmar Whitaker gives the low-down on how to treat the common skin problems you can pick up at the gym.WartsThey’re caused by a virus. They look like the calluses your feet develop from running, but can be painful and are highly contagious.How you get it: Showering barefoot in the gym. The virus favours areas of pressure, so will usually start on the forefoot where the skin is thickened. Your prevention move is toTreatment: If you catch warts early, Occlusal works. Note: SA has a shortage of topical treatments, so a good alternative is Duofilm.READ MORE: How To ‘Spring Clean’ Your Fitness Gear For Better WorkoutsThese guys mostly occurs on the toenails, especially in those who’ve fractured a nail while playing sport. It can also occur on the skin, making it dry and itchy.How you get it: Wearing tight, sweaty shoes, or from bacteria in pools – fungus needs moisture to develop. Foot powder, anyone?Treatment: Lamisil treats foot fungus – the spray works best.StaphNo, not millennial lingo. Also known as impetigo, this guy causes crusted red lesions and boils, usually on the arms and leg.How you get it: It’s highly contagious and can be transferred by touching infected people or equipment they’ve used.Treatment: Contact your dermatologist as soon as possible for antibiotics. Or, avoid it in the first place by wiping down gym equipment with wet wipes before you get to reppin’.Acne mechanicaBasically workout pimples – they’re caused by heat, pressure and friction and show up on your shoulders, back and head.How you get it: Exercising in tight workout clothes or protective gear, as well as sweating.Treatment: It doesn’t respond well to OTC treatments. Consult your derm. More

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      ‘Young Woman And The Sea’ Star Daisy Ridley Opens Up Exclusively About Her Graves’ Disease Diagnosis

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      I look up, and Daisy Ridley is standing and waving to me from across the room at the Soho House in West Hollywood.Dressed in a grey sweater (Los Angeles has been awfully cold and gloomy for this time of year) and with her signature short hair, she somehow has that particular mix of star quality and approachability – it’s as if your best friend from next door is now a movie star.It’s this same quality that gives her the chameleon-like tendencies that many actors strive for; her acting projects range from a troubled housewife to a socially awkward office worker to a strong and stubborn Jedi. “It’s all make-believe,” says Daisy, laughing. “It’s about turning up and being very present and being very open and available, but also submitting to someone else’s vision. It’s about being open to what other people believe, even if you come up with ideas of what that is.”In her newest role, Daisy plays the real-life American athlete Gertrude “Trudy” Ederle in Young Woman and the Sea, centred on the story of the first woman who swam the English Channel. (Daisy executive-produced the movie.) It’s also the 98th anniversary of that historic swim – a feat that Daisy learned about intimately. “The first time I swam for the role, we were in a 20-metre pool, and I swam halfway, then started panicking. I was like, I can’t do it. I actually can’t do it,” she says. “It was a classic lied-on-the-CV moment of, What the f*ck have I done?”On the last day, filming in the Black Sea, Daisy was told to just swim as long as she could. She has no idea whether she swam for minutes or for much longer. “I remember thinking, ‘I can’t do this anymore’,” she says. Emerging from the water with the thought, ‘God, I hope that was okay’, and turning to O’Connor, she saw the Olympian trainer had tears in her eyes. Daisy had not just done it, she’d done it well – cold and current be damned. “The build-up to it was worse than the thing. Once you’re [swimming], you’re like, ‘Oh, I’m fine’. And then after the fact, I was like, ‘How did I actually do that?’” she says of the experience.Yet Daisy is no stranger to doing hard things. Diagnosed with endometriosis (in which uterine-like tissue grows outside the uterus and often causes severe pain) in her teens and polycystic ovaries in her 20s, she’s been candid about her health, on social media and in interviews. But now she’s dealing with another curveball: Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder that involves overactivity of the thyroid.Photographed by Jonny MarlowBack at our table, Daisy takes a drink of water, then looks at me. “It’s the first time I’ve shared that [Graves’],” she says, moving her hands along the glass. She was diagnosed in September 2023, after her general practitioner encouraged her to see an endocrinologist following bouts of hot flashes and fatigue. (She doesn’t know if all three of her diagnoses are related, but the symptoms for all can be similar.)The star had started feeling terrible following the filming of Magpie, a psychological thriller in which she plays Anette, a wife and mother dealing with her rocky relationship. “I thought, ‘Well, I’ve just played a really stressful role; presumably that’s why I feel poorly’,” she says. When she described to her endocrinologist her symptoms, which included a racing heart rate, weight loss, fatigue and hand tremors, the doctor mentioned that the feeling of Graves’ is often referred to as “tired but wired” – and Daisy realised she felt super irritable. “It was funny, I was like, ‘Oh, I just thought I was annoyed at the world,’ but turns out everything is functioning so quickly, you can’t chill out.”READ MORE: 4 Quotes By Our September/October 2024 Cover Star Daisy Ridley That Inspired Us To *Listen To Our Bodies*With the diagnosis, Daisy experienced some sadness, but also – if she’s being honest – irritation as well. As someone who takes good care of herself physically, it felt to her like a random blow. On the silver linings side, the disease led Daisy to a more routine pattern of daily medication and a more mindful diet. She’s been vegan for years but decided to go gluten-free following her diagnosis. “I am not super strict about it, but generally cutting down on gluten makes me feel better,” she says, noting it is said to help with inflammation for those predisposed to it (like Daisy).The 32-year-old is still working to find balance. Soon after she started implementing the lifestyle changes, she woke up and found herself listening to the birds and noticing the colour of the sky and how it was so blue. “I didn’t realise how bad I felt before. Then I looked back and thought, ‘How did I do that?’”The diagnosis has also led Daisy to a renewed sense of body awareness and reminded her that not everything canbe anticipated. “I’ve always been health conscious, and now I’m trying to be more well-being conscious,” she says. She’s working to pay attention to her body, slow down and rest when she needs to. And she’s integrating things like infrared saunas, cryotherapy, massages and acupuncture into her routine, along with her beloved bath time. She’s into crystals, too and carries around rose quartz with her everywhere she goes; it’s said to promote emotional balance, self-love and peace. “I do a fair amount of the holistic stuff, but I also understand that it is a privilege to be able to do those things.”Daisy is, like so many of us, learning to continuously listen to her body, a thing she knows many women are not inclined to do. “We all read the stats about women being undiagnosed or underdiagnosed and sort of coming to terms with saying, ‘I really, actually don’t feel good’ and not going, ‘I’m fine, I’m fine, I’m fine, I’m fine.’ It’s just normalised to not feel good,” she says.At that point, we sit in a moment of quiet, and I let that sincerity and the severity of that statement wash over us. If you look at the list of health issues she’s dealt with, Daisy has every right to be bitter or overwhelmed, but in reality, she’s thinking about those who have it worse. “In the grand scheme of things, it’s much less severe than what a lot of people go through,” she says. “Even if you can deal with it, you shouldn’t have to. If there’s a problem, you shouldn’t have to just [suffer through it].”In coming to terms with her new reality, her exercise regimen has shifted as well. Having worked out consistently since she was 20, Daisy has always been active in general – her mom put her and her two sisters in gymnastics as kids just to keep everyone busy and moving. Having attended a performing arts school, she also danced and sang.Today, her routine includes working with personal trainer Matt Bevan, who also trains the likes of Lily James, Sienna Miller and Jenna Coleman. “He’s just so good. He understands bodies; he understands fatigue,” says Daisy, who doesn’t really do high-intensity cardio or running or things that “just don’t suit” her body, health issues and goals. “I do lots of stuff that is reactive and functional,” she says, including mobility exercises, some lifting and general calisthenics and bodyweight movements. Moves that keep her going: lateral lunges, split squats, Bulgarian squats and hip thrusts, among others. Bevan also makes sure to integrate coordination drills for Daisy, so her muscles work together as a unit. To do so, they incorporate medicine ball throws and plyometric jumps and hops.Photographed by Jonny MarlowWorking in tandem with Bevan, Daisy integrates specialised trainings for roles that call for it – like swimming with O’Connor or doing kickboxing for another high-action role. For Jedi training, she relied on a lot of arm workouts.(Wielding a lightsabre is no joke.) “Generally, my training stays pretty consistent. And then we tailor stuff to what I’m doing,” she says. “It’s just finding the balance and me understanding now where my tolerance really ends.”And yes, her tolerance does end. After doing her press tour for Young Woman and the Sea, she went straight into pick-ups (i.e., refilming small scenes or moments for a film). “I was just shattered, so I took a few days off training and am now on a ‘deload’ week,” she says. (A deload is where you take a bit of a break or lower the intensity of your workouts.)It’s been an adjustment, because for Daisy, working out is a mental escape, not solely a physical feat. “It’s an hour just for me and it’s my time to do what I need to do to make myself feel good,” she says. The other thing Daisy really likes to do for her mental health? Reading. Daisy has always been a voracious reader and she credits that love of reading as a major reason she’s an actor today. (Two of her recent favourites include Sorrow and Bliss by Meg Mason and As Young as This by Roxy Dunn.) Getting immersed in a script is one of her favourite parts of the job. “I get to the point where, if I’m reading, I can’t hear other people,” she says. “Reading is my meditation.”It’s hard not to see the parallel between tuning in to the words on the page and how she’s now tuning in to her own needs, in terms of managing Graves’ disease, getting lost in what works for her, and finding peace in the new routines of it all. Her hope is that others going through health struggles can do the same and realise there’s calm and acceptance on the other side – you just might have to swim for it.This article appeared in the September/October Issue of Women’s Health South Africa. Written by Samantha Leal. Photographed by Jonny Marlow. Styled by Kristen Saladino. Hair: Mara Roszak using RŌZ Hair, represented by A-Frame Agency. Make-Up: Chanel makeup artist Kate Lee using Chanel Beauty. Manicure: Jolene Brodeur at The Wall Group. More

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      5 First Steps To Take After An Early-Breast-Cancer Diagnosis

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      Receiving an early-breast-cancer diagnosis can feel like a shock to your system, prompting a wave of emotions that can range from fear to sadness, and everything in between. While you’re trying to get your wits about you, know that what to do next is at the ready for you. Here we lay out steps to take toward survivorship. Early breast cancer is when the cancer has not spread past the breast and the axillary lymph nodes. It is also considered ductal carcinoma in situ (when cells lining the milk ducts become cancerous) and stage 1 (small local tumour) through 3a cancer (cancer in nearby lymph nodes). 1. Take A Breath And Centre Yourself“It takes time to process the information when you hear you have breast cancer,” says registered nurse Susan Brown, the senior director of health information and publications at the Susan G. Komen Foundation; a breast cancer organisation in the US. “You may have to hear the diagnosis more than once. You may want to ask the doctor to name and write down what they have found so far. You also may have to learn a new vocabulary, so take a breath.”READ MORE: 11 Symptoms Of Breast Cancer In Women That Aren’t LumpsBe gentle with yourself, and remember that an early-breast-cancer diagnosis is not a death sentence. “The five-year survival rate for stage 1 breast cancer is 100 percent,” says Dr. Shari Goldfarb, an oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre. “The earlier you diagnose and treat, the better your outcome, and most women with stage 1 breast cancer are going to be cured of their cancer.”2. Educate Yourself With Reputable SourcesBoth experts we spoke to agreed that knowledge is power – just be careful where you’re getting it. For example, the first thing many women do is research breast cancer on the internet, but there’s a right and a wrong way to do that. “Don’t just go to Dr. Google, because there is a lot of misinformation out there,” Brown says. “Take time to gather reliable information.” One good rule of thumb is to look for reputable sources with .org or .gov at the end of the site’s web address, as these sources are usually most up-to-date, Dr. Goldfarb says.3. Keep A Journal Or Notebook For Your Thoughts And QuestionsEven before your first visit with an oncologist or a breast-cancer surgeon, consider writing down questions, such as:What type of cancer do I have?

      What stage is it in?

      What is my prognosis?

      What does treatment entail?

      What does it mean for my life?Keep the journal going between doctor’s visits, especially if you begin experiencing side effects from medications and other forms of treatment. “We can often relieve many of these symptoms, so the sooner you tell your doctor what you’re experiencing, the better,” Dr. Goldfarb says. Hot flashes, diarrhoea, constipation and nausea are all common side effects of cancer treatment and documenting your symptoms can help motivate you to reach out to your doctor if you’re experiencing any of them. “For example, if you get a mouth sore two days after chemotherapy, we can prescribe something to relieve it before you come back for your next visit, so you don’t have to suffer through it for another two weeks,” she says. “Don’t let things fester.”READ MORE: 8 Breast Cancer Myths You NEED To Stop Believing

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      4. Establish A Support System“There used to be a stigma with cancer, but not anymore,” Dr. Goldfarb says. “There is nothing you did to get it. You were simply unlucky and you’re going to need good support going through this.” Take some time to consider who will be your support system, whether that includes your partner, other family members, friends or colleagues – or all of the above.Too many women forgo telling their boss and coworkers of their diagnosis, but Dr. Goldfarb says it’s important to share the news with them, too, because you may find yourself calling in sick more or simply not feeling well at work. ”If people understand what is going on, they are more helpful and supportive,” she says.“There is nothing you did to get it. You were simply unlucky, and you’re going to need good support going through this.” —Dr. GoldfarbAnd even if your squad consists of just one or two people, having an advocate who can help you gather information and draft questions can take some of the load off you. “Perhaps they can attend appointments with you as a second set of ears, to take notes or ask questions that you may forget to ask,” Brown says.READ MORE: “I Conquered Ovarian Cancer And Breast Cancer At The Same Time.”Where To Find Support GroupsBuilding a support system also can include connecting with others who have been through a similar experience. “This can be through a support group that’s online or in person,” Brown says. “These groups share information and encourage members to advocate for themselves.”CANSA, for example has several different CANSA Support Groups; from WhatsApp groups, zoom, face-to-face and Facebook groups where patients, friends and family can find support and friendship and share information. You can find a full list of the groups as well as how to join here.Just remember to ask your doctor about anything you read or hear that concerns you, rather than take another person’s advice as fact. Brown likens this to announcing you’re pregnant, then hearing nothing but horrible labour and delivery stories. “If someone gives you something to think about, clear it up with your doctor right away so you don’t worry unnecessarily,” Brown says. “Another person may not even have the same type of cancer as you, or maybe they had it years ago, but since treatment is always changing, what they say may have no bearing on you.”READ MORE: What To Know About Breast Cancer As A Young Woman5. Consider Getting A Second OpinionAn early-breast-cancer diagnosis is a physical and emotional diagnosis, and you must feel comfortable with the care you’re getting, says Dr. Goldfarb. Even if the diagnosis and treatment plans end up aligning, many patients find a second opinion goes a long way toward helping them make peace with their diagnosis. “The first person you meet is not always the right fit,” Dr. Goldfarb says. “This is an important, serious diagnosis, but it’s also important to feel like you’re getting good care. If it’s not a fit with the first person, a second opinion can give you peace of mind.” Brown adds that asking for another expert’s opinion may not be necessary if you have a common type of breast cancer, but occasionally a person may have an unusual type of breast cancer, something that a pathologist doesn’t see very often. Even if the diagnosis and treatment plans end up aligning, many patients find a second opinion goes a long way toward helping them make peace with their diagnosis.Whatever the reason – even if it’s just that you’ll feel better if another doctor looks at your test results – the doctor or hospital where your biopsy was done can help you find another source. “Sometimes even within the same facility, you might find a different doctor,” Dr. Goldfarb says. “I see fewer patients as an oncologist, but I see them much more frequently, which is why it’s so important to find someone you connect with, keeping in mind that this is going to be a long-term relationship.”She suggests looking for someone who approaches breast cancer holistically: “A lot of emotions are involved. Even though early-stage breast cancer is likely to be cured, for you, it’s a traumatic experience.”READ MORE: My Experience With Breast Cancer, At Age 27Lastly…It’s impossible to control an early breast-cancer diagnosis and everything that comes with it, so try focusing on the things you can control. “Reading about it and talking about it are important,” Dr. Goldfarb says – because they will help remind you that most women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer become survivors. “This is why regular mammograms and self-exams are important – they lead to earlier diagnoses.”The key, she says, is to stay positive and surround yourself with positive people. “It’s hard and it hits you at different points, but I am always amazed at how optimistic people can be even in difficult situations,” says Dr. Goldfarb. “It will help you get through the journey.”This article by Ana Pelayo Connery was originally published by Women’s Health US More

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      Everything You Need To Know About Type 1 Diabetes

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      Per the Diabetes Atlas, over 40,000 people in South Africa suffer from diabetes. And, according to the Type 1 Diabetes Index, 39 healthy South African lives are lost due to the condition. What’s more, an estimated 100,000 people are undiagnosed, according to the Diabetes Atlas. Here’s what to know about Type 1 diabetes specifically.

      What Is Type 1 Diabetes?

      Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune condition in which the pancreas produces little to no insulin. It is provoked by an autoimmune reaction, in which the body attacks the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Without insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream and cannot enter cells to produce energy, leading to elevated blood glucose levels and a range of symptoms and potential complications.

      This process may unfold for months or years before symptoms appear. While some individuals with type 1 diabetes have a genetic predisposition to the condition, others do not, and researchers are still working to pinpoint potential environmental factors—like viruses or other stressors—that may trigger the autoimmune attack. Diet and lifestyle habits do not cause type 1 diabetes.

      Type 1 diabetes has historically been referred to as “juvenile” or “insulin-dependent” diabetes. But Dr Joel Zonzsein, director of the Diabetes Center at the University Hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, notes that although the condition is “mostly diagnosed in children and young adults, it can develop at any age and should be taken seriously as a possibility in adults—referred to in such cases as ‘latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult’ (LADA).”

      What Are The Causes Of Type 1 Diabetes?

      Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune reaction. Having a parent or sibling with the disease may increase your risk for developing type 1 diabetes. Environmental factors may also play a role in triggering the autoimmune reaction, but researchers are still working to better understand this possible pattern.

      What Are The Symptoms Of Type 1 Diabetes?

      Type 1 diabetes symptoms may occur suddenly, often in adolescence or early adulthood and can include:

      Talk to your healthcare provider if you notice any of the above symptoms in yourself or your child. In some cases, the first noticeable symptoms of type 1 diabetes may be signs of a life-threatening state called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Symptoms of DKA include:

      If you or your child have symptoms of DKA, contact your doctor or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.

      How Is It Diagnosed?

      Diagnosing type 1 diabetes requires only a few simple tests. Doctors most often use a random plasma glucose (RPG) test, which measures blood glucose at a single point in time, to diagnose. A random blood-glucose test higher than 200 mg/dL suggests a diabetes diagnosis, regardless of when you last ate a meal or snack. Often, a healthcare provider will use an A1C blood test, which provides an average of blood glucose levels over a period of three months, to determine the duration of a patient’s high blood glucose.

      While these tests can determine whether you have diabetes, they cannot differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Treatment plans differ significantly between the two conditions, so it is crucial to have a correct diagnosis.

      To determine if you have type 1, a doctor will test the blood for specific auto-antibodies that are a common marker of the autoimmune reaction that causes the condition. They may also test your urine for ketones, which are produced when the body burns fat for energy instead of glucose and indicate type 1 diabetes if present.

      How Is Type 1 Diabetes Treated?

      While treatment options have significantly advanced in the past few decades, there is no cure for type 1 diabetes. So living with it—and preventing later complications—requires close blood-glucose management, via a blood-glucose meter or a continuous glucose monitor.

      Type 1 diabetes is primarily managed via insulin therapy. Different types of insulin work at different speeds and last different lengths of time. You may need to use more than one type. Insulin can be taken in several different forms to best suit personal preferences and lifestyles:

      Syringes and pens: These are injected multiple times daily and often involve a combination of short- and long-acting insulin types. Different brands vary slightly in their effective onset, peak time and duration.

      Insulin pumps: Pumps are small devices that deliver a continuous supply of long-acting insulin throughout the day via a small tube inserted under the skin, mimicking a healthy pancreas. They can also be programmed by the user to release short-acting insulin during mealtimes.

      Artificial pancreas (AP) systems: These systems combine the functions of an insulin pump with a continuous glucose monitor to adjust insulin delivery based on glucose fluctuations. By responding to real-time glucose readings, AP systems can regulate blood sugar more effectively than traditional manual methods. As the name indicates, this form of closed-loop management most effectively imitates a healthy pancreas—but does require the use of two devices at all times.

      Inhaled insulin: Quick-acting inhaled insulin is one of the newer forms of FDA-approved treatment for type 1 diabetes management. It is used in combination with long-acting insulin (either via injection or pump) and inhaled shortly before meal times. However, according to Diabetes South Africa, this treatment is not yet available here.

      Living With The Condition

      Living a healthy life with type 1 diabetes also involves lifestyle adjustments, including:

      Regular blood-glucose monitoring: Checking blood-glucose levels throughout the day is essential to managing the condition and preventing future complications that can result from prolonged high blood sugar.

      Carbohydrate counting: In order to maintain stable blood-sugar levels, it’s often important to match your insulin dosage to your carbohydrate intake. An endocrinologist can help you determine your individual insulin-to-carb ratio and dose accordingly for each meal and snack. Managing this condition does not require you to give up your favourite foods—so long as you know how to dose for them!

      Movement: Regular exercise can help to regulate blood sugar levels and improve long-term health.

      Regular checkups: People living with type 1 diabetes should regularly meet with a team of medical specialists, including an endocrinologist, optometrist and in some cases a dietitian, to help monitor their blood-glucose management and prevent future complications.

      Complications Of Type 1 Diabetes

      Image by WomensHealthMag.com

      Although this is a chronic and lifelong condition, many people live long and healthy lives with it, with few or no associated complications. “Keeping blood sugar levels under control is the most important thing that people with type 1 diabetes can do to prevent complications,” Dr Zonszein says. He also emphasises the importance of regular check-ups and developing a good management plan with a team of medical specialists.

      Poorly managed type 1 diabetes—namely, continuous high blood sugar, or hyperglycemia—can damage several areas of the body. Complications can include:

      Nerve damage: Prolonged high blood glucose levels can cause nerve damage. This leads to diabetic neuropathy, which most often affects the hands and feet.

      Eye problems: Elevated or uncontrolled blood glucose levels can also cause diabetes-related retinopathy. This can lead to vision loss, blindness, macular oedema and glaucoma.

      Kidney damage: High levels of glucose in the blood can damage the blood vessels and filters in the kidneys (nephropathy).

      Foot issues: High blood glucose levels can reduce the blood supply to the feet, resulting in reduced sensation. This can increase the risk of wounds, cuts, infections and non-healing sores.

      Complications related to the heart and blood vessels: Extended high blood glucose levels can damage the blood vessels and nerves. It can increase your risk of heart attack, stroke and high blood pressure.

      Gum disease: Excess glucose in the blood can move into the saliva, causing germs and plaque. These increase the risk of tooth decay and gum disease.

      How To Prevent It

      Unfortunately, there is no way to prevent type 1 diabetes. Because it can be passed down genetically, your family can be preemptively tested for auto-antibodies. Their presence in the blood—even in the absence of symptoms—can help catch the early onset of the condition.

      This story was written by Zoë Brown and was first published on WomensHealthMag.com More

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      Um, A Scary 50% Of SA Women Are Iron Deficient

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      It’s the end of the year and you might be feeling a bit run down — totes normal. But if your tiredness is accompanied by heart palpitations, shortness of breath and craving non-food items like baby powder or soil, it might be a sign of iron deficiency (ID). ID is the world’s leading nutrient deficiency, affecting around a whopping 2 billion people worldwide. And in South Africa, it’s estimated that 50% of women may be iron deficient. That’s a huge number and moreover, it surpasses the global average.

      “Iron deficiency occurs when iron reservoirs in the body become depleted,” explains Dr Jarrad van Zuydam, a sports medicine physician with a special interest in the medicine of cycling and other endurance sports. “The most common cause is an inadequate dietary intake of iron.  When your iron levels are low, your cells are receiving less oxygen making it harder for your body to generate energy.

      READ MORE: 11 Symptoms Of Breast Cancer In Women That Aren’t Lumps

      Who’s at Risk?

      Anyone is at risk of iron deficiency but women of reproductive age are more likely to be at risk. During menstruation, you lose blood which contains iron, which is one of the reasons you may experience symptoms of low iron during that time of the month. If you aren’t supplementing that loss by eating a diet rich in iron, you could become ID over time. Pregnancy can also cause you to become ID, this is because when you’re expecting you need almost double the normal amount the average woman needs. And once you’ve had your baby, iron levels can remain low due to blood loss during delivery.

      “In my practice, I come across iron deficiency anaemia on a daily basis. Factors such as pregnancy, delivery, miscarriages, heavy menstruation, as well as poor iron intake, are some of the most common attributable causes,” says Dr Claire Godwin, a General Practitioner at Premier Health Centre who specialises in women’s healthcare. “Often, the women I see are so used to running on fumes with young children, busy careers, or being caregivers to others that they don’t even realise how they are feeling is a symptom and not just a consequence of their day-to-day stressors. Education around ID is imperative if we want to help more women function at their best.” The bottom line? If you’re feeling exhausted, get your iron levels checked or start supplementing.

      Biogen Iron + Vitamin C

      Vitamin C helps the body absorb iron better, so this duo packs a punch.

      Ferrimed

      This gold-standard iron supplement is recommended by doctors.

      Solgar Gentle Iron

      This supplement is easy on the stomach and doesn’t cause constipation.

      READ MORE: Cycle Syncing: How (And Why!) To Tweak Your Workouts, Diet And More Around Your Menstrual Cycle

      Signs of Iron Deficiency

      Fatigue

      Unusual tiredness is one of the most common symptoms of iron deficiency affecting more than half of those who are deficient. Your body needs iron to make the protein haemoglobin, “Haemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the lungs around the body, cells use the oxygen delivered to them to generate the energy needed for cellular processes.”, explains Dr Van Zuydam. When your haemoglobin is low, less oxygen is reaching your tissues and muscles, making them feel weaker. Your heart then has to work harder to move more oxygen-rich blood around your body. This tiredness is often accompanied by crankiness, difficulty concentrating and poor productivity.

      Shortness of breath

      Given that iron deficiency causes a lack of haemoglobin, oxygen levels will be low too. This results in your breathing rate increasing as your body will try to make more oxygen.

      Frequent headaches

      The lack of haemoglobin means that not enough oxygen is reaching the brain. This causes the blood vessels in the brain to swell, causing pressure and headaches.

      Dry hair and skin

      When your body lacks oxygen, it will direct the limited oxygen for more important functions like your organs and tissues. This lack of oxygen causes them to become dry and weak. That means your hair, skin, and nails won’t be getting love.

      Strange cravings

      Many people who have low iron, experience something called pica. Pica is a craving for items that aren’t considered edible, like dirt, chalk, paper or ice. Other symptoms include:

      Weakness

      Pale skin

      Cold hands and feet

      inflammation or soreness of your tongue

      Poor appetite

      READ MORE: Millions of Women Struggle With PCOS In South Africa, So Let’s Unpack It

      What you can do to raise your iron levels

      Iron is essential for healthy bodily functions, meaning that you need to ensure that your diet is up to par. There are two forms of dietary iron: heme and nonheme. Heme iron is derived from haemoglobin, so you will find it in meat, fish and poultry. You can find nonheme iron mostly in plants and legumes. A list of heme and nonheme foods include:

      Beef or chicken liver

      Breakfast cereals enriched with iron

      Beans

      Tofu

      Dark green leafy vegetables

      Pumpkin, sesame, or squash seeds

      Red meat

      Oily fish

      Nuts

      READ MORE: This Is Why You’re Starving After An Intense Day At The Office

      Women’s Health participates in various affiliate marketing programmes, which means we may get commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. More

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      Here’s Why Burnout Among Women Is A Bigger Issue Than You’d Think

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      Burnout is incredibly common and even more so the further along the year goes. And women bear the brunt of burnout rates, according to studies. The issue is larger than you’d think and affects women differently than it does men. That’s because women shoulder responsibilities at home and at work, taking on roles that can be emotionally and physically draining.

      What is burnout?

      Burnout is a state of emotional, physical and mental exhaustion resulting from prolonged stress. Globally, just over 42% of women report being burned out. Women are delivering performance and business results but at a great personal toll.

      How burnout manifests among women

      International studies have shown that women in senior management roles do more to help their employees navigate work-life challenges relative to their male peers. Women spend more time helping manage workloads and are 60% more likely to be focusing on emotional support. This is important, as it helps employees feel good about themselves. But employees have reported that when they receive additional support, they are happier in their job and less likely to move.

      Women take on work at home, too

      One in three women and 60% of mothers with young children spend five or more hours a day on housework, homework and caregiving. Five hours a day is equivalent to a half-time job.

      “Burnout arises when individuals cannot access enough recovery between stressors,” explains Kerry Rudman from Brain Harmonics, a Neurofeedback organisation specialising in retraining brains.

      “We see this particularly with employed parents who face a higher number of and longer exposure to stressors from the multiple roles they play. This is compared with non-parents. And they have less ability to access periods of recovery as a result. Employed parents report several stressors. In particular, a lack of work-life balance, increased responsibilities at both work and home, greater concern for safety at work and for their kids at school, a loss of social support and isolation.”

      In collective studies conducted around the world, employed parents have reported the following in comparison to non-parents.

      Women are worn-out after work

      The compounded pressure of working while parenting, including remote schooling and working, has left many with feelings of apathy and fatigue. They feel that they are failing to live up to their own expectations across their multiple social roles. There are also indications that parents are not finding support or help from their employees.

      “Of the parents who report burnout – 90% believe their management considers productivity to be more important than mental health,” says Rudman. “Because of this, a lot of people will never discuss any issues that they are experiencing with their management or co-workers. People don’t want to be seen as incompetent or be at risk of being replaced. There is an assumption that people should be glad that they have a job right now and everyone just needs to do the extra work demanded of them as they could easily be replaced.”

      Employed parents report a range of stressors that have deteriorated their mental health. The level of household responsibilities is a particular problem. “In a survey conducted by Brain Harmonics, parents experiencing symptoms of burnout are more often responsible for all household duties. That’s compared with parents not experiencing symptoms of burnout (57 percent versus 41 percent),” says Rudman.

      In fact, the majority of parents responsible for all household duties report symptoms of burnout. These responsibilities, including caring for older adult family members in addition to children, most often fall to women. They have also been more likely to cut back on paid work during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to provide childcare. For these women, reduced paid time at work could also exacerbate the symptoms of burnout, if their responsibilities at work do not also decrease.

      Moms are worried about their kids

      Four in five employed parents say that they feel concerned about their child’s mental health. And more than one-third rate this concern as extreme.

      In a McKinsey and Co survey, parents are more likely than non-parents to report missing days of work because of burnout. They are also more likely to use leaves of absence and supported employment.

      Employed parents are more likely than non-parents to see themselves staying at their employer in two years’ time. But burnout correlates to employed parents’ likelihood of not recommending their place of work to others.

      “What’s more, stress and burnout, are the main reasons that cause people to consider leaving their jobs,” says Rudman.

      Alleviating the symptoms of burnout

      If you think you’re burnt out, or heading in that direction, therapy is a powerful tool. It’s a way to verbalise and let go of stressors while creating lasting, sustainable habits that can support a well-rounded lifestyle. Neurofeedback is another option: a non-invasive tool that can improve mental health and the feelings of physical burnout. It measures brain waves and provides a feedback signal to the brain so that new, healthier neuropathways are formed. For more information about neurofeedback training, check out Brain Harmonics.

      As with anything, burnout is a condition that needs to be treated with expertise. Chat with your doctor and a therapist to get the help you need. More