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      All About The New Non-Surgical Vaginal Rejuvenation Therapy

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      Vaginal dryness affects many women, especially women in their post-menopausal phase. The result? Less pleasurable or even painful sex and overall discomfort down there.

      According to the Women’s Health Organisation, 58% of post-menopausal women experience a lack of natural lubrication, the hallmark sign of vaginal atrophy – the thinning and inflammation of the vaginal walls, often due to a decline in oestrogen. It can affect other women too, who are on medication or struggling with thyroid issues.

      “Vaginal atrophy is also very commonly seen in patients who have had cancer treatment and patients with low oestrogen.”
      Amy Knoetze, the national distributor for AQ Skin Solutions in South Africa.

      The knock-on effects include discomfort during intimacy, the loss of desire and even urinary symptoms like persistent UTIs. 

      Vaginal rejuvenation therapy is one avenue to explore if you’re struggling with vaginal atrophy, and it doesn’t have to be surgical or involve the use of hormones (in the form of hormone replacement therapy), either. For one, AQ Skin Solutions, the same brand that offers a treatment rivalling the vampire facial, uses the same growth factor technology for vaginal rejuvenation.

      The AQ Vaginal Rejuvenation System

      AQ Skin Solutions Vaginal Rejuvenation System (VRS) is a clinically proven solution for vaginal rejuvenation. Using Growth Factor technology, VRS works to relieve vaginal dryness, soothe irritation and improve elasticity. The latter can help tighten the vaginal walls in a way that may enhance intimacy as well as female arousal.

      Um, what are growth factors?

      Growth Factors are highly specialised proteins naturally produced by your body. They’re also “message carriers” with an important job to do – telling other cells to multiply, regenerate and regulate. This is why they’re so useful in skincare. They can instruct your body to do specific beneficial things, like rev up its collagen production to protect and improve your skin’s elasticity. 

      In regards to VRS, AQ Skin Solutions have used a proprietary elixir of all-natural growth factors to create a solution that isn’t just another lubricant. Instead, it helps restore your vagina’s natural lubricating ability while increasing the collagen and elastin within the walls to firm and tighten to your genetic potential.

      “It is important to note that AQ VRS performs better than hormonal treatment for vaginal rejuvenation and is a completely hormone free option,” says Amy. “Many women don’t want HRT (hormone replacement therapy) as it may pose a risk for heart disease and breast cancer so they resign themselves to the idea that a particular part of their life is over. But it doesn’t have to be – VRS is literally changing lives.”

      How it works

      “This is a discreet at-home treatment that restores the function of the vagina and resets the PH to a healthy PH,” explains Amy. The therapy comes in little tubes that are every second evening after bathing, just before bed. Within six weeks, you should see and feel results. “Because of all of the new blood supply in the area, patients often report an increase in sexual arousal and heightened sensation. This is a bonus side effect!” says Amy.

      To try out the system, get in touch with AQ Skin Solutions in South Africa via Instagram or Facebook. More

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      Supporting Your Partner Through Erectile Dysfunction

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      Often defined as the inability to maintain an erection firm enough for satisfying action between the sheets, erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common problem experienced by a third of men over the age of 40. Research often cites social habits such as smoking and alcohol as some of the culprits that contribute to ED. Though life-altering, ED itself is not fatal – but can indicate a more serious condition like heart disease.

      30% of men over 40 will experience erectile dysfunction.

      A Health Case

      Quick biology recap: Coronary heart disease takes place when plaque builds up and blocks the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart and impacting the functioning of blood vessels. This restriction usually hits the blood vessels of the penis first. However, it’s easy to overlook the medical implications at first. “ED has negative psychological outcomes for men. They see it as humiliating or something that lessens their status as a man. The men who visit my practice often think they’re not worthy of attention and that their ED is just a normal part of the ageing process,” explains Dr Heather Blaylock, a medical doctor with a special interest in sexual health. She adds that the partners of men who suffer from ED may feel unattractive, unwanted or guilty. 

      S Is For Support 

      “Partner support during treatment is also very important for better outcomes,” urges Dr Blaylock. If you’re not sure what that looks like, she gives this advice on how to be there for your significant other: 

      Encourage your partner to see a doctor so that they can be screened for underlying disease and potentially prevent a critical cardiac event in the future.

      Occasional difficulty maintaining an erection is totally normal. However, ongoing and untreated erectile dysfunction can impact a man’s self-esteem – and his personal relationships. Make extra effort to bolster his self-worth.

      The silver lining: ED meds have evolved and there are plenty of options available. “Treatment options include a group of drugs known as PDE5-inhibitors. These include tadalafil, sildenafil and vardenafil. PDE5 medication not only improves sexual function and satisfaction but also improves the relationship,” says Dr Blaylock. But be prepared for the possible side effects too, which may include flushing, headache, nasal congestion and indigestion. 

      Newer generic medications that have made the treatment of ED more accessible and affordable to more South African men are also available.

      Normal sexual stimulation is still required for arousal, even with your partner on ED medication. 

      With this info in mind, remember to broach the subject with kindness and understanding. Your partner feels vulnerable, so be sensitive. 

      “Everyone wants a cure but there is no magic cure. However, men should not suffer in silence as there are many safe options available,”  
      Dr Blaylock. More

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      Drinking Tea Balanced My Hormones–Here’s Everything You Need to Know

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      Toward the end of 2019, I decided that I wanted to get pregnant. I was 34 years old at the time, but quickly approaching the mile-marker that would earn me the horrific (and outdated) label that all pregnant people receive after turning 35: “geriatric.” Suffice it to say, I was nervous about conception, so I took it upon myself to deep-dive into the science of fertility. What I unearthed made me seethe with rage. Not because the outlook was grim (quite the contrary), but because most of what I discovered I had never learned in school. Throughout all my health classes growing up, the breadth of hormonal health had been almost entirely encapsulated in a video of a live birth and a few tips on how to discreetly use a tampon. The audacity. 
      On the other side of my anger, however, was hope. And a renewed sense of awe for the human body. In my journey to get pregnant, I worked with a functional nutritionist to enhance my diet and stumbled upon fertility teas designed by Ariele Myers, a licensed herbalist, board certified acupuncturist, and fertility specialist who founded the company, Wisdom of the Womb. In that time, I experienced two shocking takeaways: 1. hormones affect so much more than fertility, and 2. tea works fast. I reached out to Myers for her take on how to embrace hormonal health and to answer all your (and my) burning questions about how tea can be used to heal hormones.

      Meet the expert
      Ariele Myers
      licensed herbalist, board certified acupuncturist, and fertility specialist
      Myers founded Arieles Apothecary, where she worked with some of the top Reproductive Endocrinologists and IVF centers in the country to help hundreds of women on their hormonal health and fertility journeys. In 2016, she founded Wisdom of the Womb, an online platform to educate on all things reproductive health.

      In this article

      My experience with drinking tea for hormonal health
      Before trying to conceive, the biggest step I’d taken for my hormonal health was to stop taking birth control after nearly 15 years of use. I worked with an acupuncturist and took Chinese herbs to help get my cycle back on track. It took almost two years to get my period back on a regular cycle. At that point, I assumed my body would regulate naturally on its own, but it didn’t. I also assumed that the heaviness and pain I experienced on my period was normal. It wasn’t until about three months into drinking Myers’ tea blends, when I noticed my PMS symptoms had practically vanished and my flow was far more manageable, that I realized how out of whack my hormones must’ve been.
      My new pain-free cycle surprised me, but what shocked me more was how the rest of me felt: my energy was consistent, my metabolism seemed to be working on my side, my digestive issues were less noticeable—I felt like I’d unlocked a code to health nobody else was talking about. 
      Now, look, I know it would be easy to wonder if other lifestyle choices made an impact, and the reality is that, yes, all areas of our life can contribute to or detract from our hormonal health, but I can firmly say that I’ve been into nutrition and health my entire life and I’ve never experienced a cycle change from diet alone, at least not to this degree. Though I had been working with a nutritionist at the same time as drinking the teas, we were in the midst of gut testing and focusing on simple dietary changes like portion control and mindful eating. Though I was certainly not crafting a meticulously controlled experiment, the biggest change in my lifestyle at the time was the addition of Myers’ blend of herbal tea, so I had reason to believe it was the catalyst for the change I’d experienced.
      Though my intention was to enhance fertility, I was actually just healing my hormones to create the optimum fertile environment in my body. Better periods were a sign that I was doing just that. So even if you’re not trying to conceive and are simply wanting better periods or overall healthier hormones, these herbal teas may help you too. Myers’ assessment asks about the quality of your monthly flow, and whether you’ve been diagnosed with fibroids, PCOS, or endometriosis, so the teas recommended for you could still support you wherever you’re at, regardless of whether you want to get pregnant. It’s worth noting that the assessment is targeted for people with uteruses—but Myers does offer a fertility tea for male bodies, to support sperm motility and count.

      How does tea affect hormonal health?
      The teas I am referring to are herbal in nature, which can be derived from a variety of dried herbs, spices, flowers, fruit, seeds, roots, or leaves of other plants. A multitude of herbs have been used for thousands of years in various cultures and practices like Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat all kinds of ailments, hormonal imbalance among them. “Specific herbs gently nudge our body in the direction of balance and encourage our body to get the rest of the way there, rather than just stifling symptoms,” Myers explained.
      Each herb has its own healing properties that can affect the nervous system and endocrine system, which are deeply interconnected. For example, serotonin is a neurotransmitter that also acts as a hormone. Some studies suggest that the herb Rhodiola can influence serotonin by allowing it to pass more easily through the blood-brain barrier. Other herbs like Red Clover are rich in isoflavones, compounds that can directly affect the estrogen levels in your body. 
      Since the benefits come from the herbs, you technically can ingest the herbs in multiple different ways (from cooking them to taking them in pill form) but tea goes down easier and can become a habit without much resistance. Myers explained that she used to craft herbal formulas for patients who attended her fertility wellness center, but the formulas tasted horrible and patients never kept up with them. She also tried to put herbs into pill form, but they would need 9-12 capsules a day in order to get to the desired potency, so she found that tea was the easiest form for patients. Herbal teas are particularly easy for your body to absorb– specifically by the gut–which makes their healing properties especially potent.

      Which tea is right for you?
      Not all herbal teas are created equal, and not all teas are particularly beneficial for your hormonal health. You’ll want to focus on herbs that speak to your specific needs. This is why Myers is hesitant to prescribe a one-size-fits-all remedy for the masses. “It’s always a little tricky to say, ‘this one is good for everyone’ because every herb has energetic properties. On a very basic level, it may be cooling or warming, upward moving or downward moving, etc. So it’s important to have a sense of what’s going on in a woman’s body before she decides to take something.”
      For example, Myers told me that Vitex is a popular supplement for fertility, but for some women, too much might actually warm their body too much. And while an herb like lemon balm might be a better fit for that person, if someone with hypothyroidism were to take it, it could exacerbate their condition. So if you’re feeling excited about using tea as a hormonal remedy, the best place to go is straight to an expert’s office. You can also visit Myers’ site to take her fertility assessment. This is what I did when I was trying to figure out which tea blend would be best for me. I ended up cycling between Myers’ B*tches Brew, Fertile Mama Tea, and the Detox blend, which I took at various stages in my cycle, as per the instructions on the bags.
      But if you don’t want to get specific and are looking for a tea that is super gentle and generally hormone-friendly, Myers suggests reaching for an adaptogen. “If I had to choose a few very balanced herbs that support most women, I’d choose Ashwaganda and Rhodiola. Adaptogens are bimodal, meaning they can help you both sleep better and have better energy and help you function more optimally overall,” she said. “If there’s any anxiety or stress, Magnolia Bark is an amazing calmative that promotes overall health.” Remember, your nervous system and your endocrine system are deeply intertwined, so herbs that help relieve stress in the body are likely to benefit your hormonal functions.

      Do you need to drink it hot or cold?
      I asked this question on a whim, but was surprised to learn that when it comes to hormonal health, Myers suggests drinking hot tea over cold. “In terms of Chinese Medicine, we want to keep our womb warm, and because our digestive organs sit so closely to our reproductive organs, drinking or eating anything cold should be avoided.” As an iced tea fan living in a warm climate, this is a minor blow. But it makes sense the way Myers frames it: “Think about going out on a warm day versus going out on a cold day: my body and shoulders tense up as soon as I feel cold. The same thing happens to our insides when we introduce cold, so warm, warm, warm.”
      If you’re wondering exactly how hot to take your hot tea for greatest therapeutic impact, Myers suggests pouring almost-boiling water over the blends and letting them steep for ideally 15 minutes. The warmth itself is so nourishing and healing, it can relax our reproductive systems. 

      Beware: All the tea rules change if you are or become pregnant
      When I ended up getting pregnant while drinking Myers’ tea blends, I had to “discontinue use” (per the instructions printed on the bag) after a positive pregnancy test. It might seem strange that the same herbs that provide such an optimal environment for the womb preconception can be disruptive post-conception, but the body needs different remedies for different states of being. Unfortunately, there’s a lot of misunderstandings around which herbs are gentle versus unsafe for pregnancy. “Something as mild-seeming as chamomile isn’t ideal for pregnancy and was actually used by many of our ancestors to avoid conception,” Myers told me.
      And red raspberry leaf (which is hotly contested on pregnancy forums) is often feared as an herb that will lead to early labor contractions, but Myers claims that red raspberry leaf tea has been used for centuries during pregnancy to strengthen the uterus and actually maintain a pregnancy. “It doesn’t promote contractions, but can make them stronger once you’re in labor,” she explained. That said, if an herb ever makes you anxious, the best case scenario is to trust your gut. Anxiety is a major buzzkill for hormones, anyway.
      The general rule of thumb, as Myers explained, is that, “Any herb that strongly invigorates the blood, like Black Cohosh or Dang Gui, should be avoided once pregnant, but they can actually help promote implantation. I usually say that up until a positive pregnancy test, there’s not much that will be detrimental to a healthy, viable pregnancy… it’s the long-term, extended use of large quantities of an herb that could be problematic.” If you are interested in using teas for hormonal balance (whether you plan to become pregnant or not), always consult an expert such as an herbalist or TCM practitioner and work with your doctor to make sure it fits in with your overall health plan. And if you are or plan to become pregnant, immediately discuss all supplements, teas, foods, and routines with your doctor to come up with a plan that’s best for you.

      Please consult a doctor or a mental health professional before beginning any treatments. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical or mental health condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read in this article.

      The Everygirl’s Guide to PCOS More

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      Salt Deficiency: 9 Disturbing Signs You’re Really Not Eating Enough Salt

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      Ah salt… The crack cocaine of dinner parties. These health-conscious days, a raised eyebrow as you reach for the shaker is par for the “course”, given that too much salt can be detrimental to otherwise healthy bodies.

      But what if we told you that too little salt can also be bad for you? Yup: Sodium is actually a mineral that’s fairly critical for a number of your bodily functions, including fluid balance, blood pressure management and the nervous system.

      A condition called hyponatraemia results from a low level of sodium in the blood, and it’s caused by… you guessed it: Too little of this maligned condiment. In fact, head’s up Fit Fam: Hyponatraemia may be caused by drinking too much water, for example during strenuous exercise, without proper replacement of sodium, which could lead to a salt deficiency. Electrolyte drinks, on the other hand, replenish sodium stores.

      READ MORE: New Research Shows Where Women Carry Fat Could Protect Them From Brain Disease

      What Causes Low Sodium Levels?

      A string of medical conditions can lead to low sodium levels in the body: kidney failure, congestive heart failure, adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism and cirrhosis of the liver. Anorexia and certain meds can also cause a sodium imbalance. But it can also result when sodium is lost during prolonged sweating and severe vomiting or diarrhoea.

      For the majority of us, the only time this would be an issue is if you have a diet severely low on salt, or you’re doing some mega training accompanied by mega sweating. Drinking too much water during exercise may dilute the sodium content in your blood, and dehydration also causes your body to lose fluids and electrolytes, which may cause your sodium level to dip. So you need to get that balance right.

      READ MORE: How To Use Genetic Testing To Improve Your Health

      So, What Should You Watch Out For?

      In long-term (chronic) hyponatraemia, where the blood sodium levels drop gradually over time, symptoms can be very non-specific and can include:

      Headache

      Confusion or altered mental state

      Seizures

      Decreased consciousness

      But the more subtle symptoms include:

      Restlessness

      Muscle spasms or cramps

      weakness

      dizziness

      Tiredness

      All of which can be accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

      How Is Salt Deficiency Diagnosed?

      The symptoms of hyponatraemia are not specific, so you’d need to pop in on your doc for a blood test to measure your sodium levels.

      READ MORE: 5 Things We ALL Do To Avoid Germs, That Are Actually Useless AF

      And How Is It Treated?

      Mild hyponatraemia may not require treatment other than adjustments in diet, lifestyle or meds. For severe cases, treatment often involves intravenous fluids and electrolytes.

      And If You’re Feeling Daring…

      Believe it or not, there are people out there who swear by downing pickle juice after a particularly heavy workout. This age-old remedy apparently works because pickle juice is made up mostly of water, vinegar and… salt. But, because there’s a bunch of conflicting evidence on its benefits out there, we suggest sticking to your regular electrolyte drink. More

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      8 Natural Laxatives That Actually Work To Relieve Constipation

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      Women are talking more about their bodies than ever, but one common issue is still pretty taboo: constipation (and laxatives).

      Well, we’re here to change that! After all, 16 percent of women regularly suffer from difficult bowel movements, while even more of us deal with it every once in a while, according to research. Fun fact: Constipation is more common in women than in men, possibly due to hormones. Yep, there’s no end to the list of things that can throw your bathroom habits out of whack. Think: your monthly cycle, dietary changes, stress, sleep problems, and even travel. Seriously, what’s that last one about???

      If you’re feeling blocked up, don’t wait more than two or three days before dealing with it, says Lisa Ganjhu, a gastroenterologist and clinical associate professor of medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center. “Your body is going to tell you it’s uncomfortable, so pay attention to it,” she says.

      And, good news: It can be pretty easy to get your bowels moving without any medication. “Natural laxatives are definitely gentler than some of the prescription laxatives, and even a little gentler than what you can get over the counter,” she says. Bonus: You probably have some of them already hanging out in your fridge or pantry. Laxative foods to the rescue!

      Here, we share eight natural laxatives that can get your bathroom habits moving again. Better yet, integrate them into your regular diet to keep things, well, regular:

      1/ Water

      Just like staying hydrated is good for the rest of your body, it’s helpful for your digestive system, too. “Water basically lubricates everything and softens the stool,” says Ganjhu. “The whole point of the stool getting to the colon is for it to try to absorb all of the extra water [along the way] in order to solidify.”

      The longer stool stays in the colon, though, the longer the water has to get sucked back out of it, eventually becoming rock hard—ouch. “Getting fluid back into your body helps to soften the stool and stimulates the colon to empty out,” she says.

      READ MORE: 6 Reasons Why You’re Pooping A Whole Lot More Than Usual

      2/ Greek Yoghurt

      Yoghurt and other probiotics are generally good for your gut and for digestion. “Whether you’ve got diarrhoea or you’re constipated, probiotics help your bowels because they reset your gut microbiome,” says Ganjhu. “We all have a billion bacteria in there, and if it’s not the right ones that are working well, that’s what can lead to indigestion, bloating, and changes in our bowels. Probiotics add more of the healthy bacteria to your gut and reconstitute your digestive tract with that good bacteria.”

      Look for Greek yoghurt varieties that list “live and active cultures” on their label, she recommends.

      READ MORE: Exactly Why You Get Gas And Diarrhoea On Your Period

      3/ Leafy Greens

      Leafy green veggies like spinach, kale, and cabbage are the densest in terms of fibre, which is what your system really needs in order to get moving. “That fibre stimulates the colon to contract — it gives it a sense of fullness, which it wants to push out,” says Ganjhu.

      Considering the fact that most people don’t get close to consuming the recommended 25 grams of fibre per day, upping your intake of leafy greens could be a quick way to jumpstart your digestive tract. Plus, leafy greens are chock full of magnesium, which can help naturally soften stool, she says.

      READ MORE: ​11 Ways To Get Rid Of Period Bloating, According To Gynaes

      4/ Aloe Vera

      You’ve probably used aloe for sunburns or in other beauty products, but you may have noticed the ingredient popping up on your grocery store shelves lately, most likely in juice form. “Aloe is one of the most common natural laxatives people are taking,” says Ganjhu. “It makes the stool a little more lubricated, which makes it easier to pass.”

      Research shows that aloe contains 75 vitamins, enzymes, minerals, and sugars, in addition to natural laxative compounds called anthraquinones, which up the amount of water in your intestines, help your body produce more mucus, and increase the contractions that keep food moving through your GI system.

      READ MORE: “Is It A Bad Idea To Have Sex While I’m Constipated?”

      5/ Chia Seeds

      You probably know if you leave chia seeds in water, they turn into a kind of jelly. That’s what makes them so helpful as natural laxatives, says Ganjhu. “In your system, when the chia seeds combine with liquid, they expand, and that gel-like texture makes it easy for the stool to move through the bowels,” she explains.

      And considering the fact that one ounce contains 10 grams of fibre, sprinkling some chia seeds into your meal is almost guaranteed to make you need to go.

      READ MORE: “How Often Should I Really Be Pooping — And What Can I Do About It?”

      6/ Flaxseeds

      One tablespoon of flaxseed contains almost three grams of fibre, according to the USDA, which is a lot for a tiny food that’s easy to hide in smoothies or salads. “All that extra fibre will stimulate the bowels,” says Ganjhu.

      The seeds contain “mucilage,” a gummy compound that coats your digestive system to make bowel movements proceed more smoothly. Flaxseed is also high in magnesium, so that can help stimulate the urge to go, too, she says.

      READ MORE: This Is What Happens To Your Body When You Hold In Your Poop

      7/ High-Fibre Fruits

      Like leafy greens, certain fruits are packed with fibre. Stock up on fresh fruits like berries, which “provide the fibre but won’t make you as gassy as leafy greens or apples and pears might,” says Ganjhu. Plus, the antioxidants in berries have anti-inflammatory properties that could soothe your GI system.

      Dried fruits such as apricots, figs, and — shocker — prunes are a good option, too. “Dehydrated food have a combination of dense fibre and extra sugar, which can increase the bowel movements,” she says.

      READ MORE: Are You Really Getting Enough Fibre In Your Diet?

      8/ Oils

      Consuming a bit of olive oil, mineral oil, flaxseed oil, or castor oil could lube up your bowels. “I prescribe a lot of olive oil or mineral oil,” says Ganjhu. “Just drink a tablespoon. It goes down your digestive tract and softens the stool, making it a little more slippery or softer so it doesn’t hurt as much as if you’re trying to pass a hard stool.”

      If the idea of knocking back a shot of olive oil makes you queasy, use the oil as a cooking agent or salad dressing. Just remember that this natural laxative option is anything but kilojoule-free. One tablespoon contains 502 kilojoules.

      This article was originally published on www.womenshealthmag.com More

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      Everything You Need To Know About Endometriosis

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      Endometriosis: what a bloody mess. It’s a condition as common as asthma and diabetes, but not as often discussed. It’s estimated that one in ten women suffer from endometriosis. The condition can be so debilitating that women often need to stay home, missing work or other important activities. 

      What are the symptoms of endometriosis?

      While ramped-up period pain is often associated with endometriosis, it doesn’t end there. The most common signs are:

      Cramps — Common PMS cramps generally show up right before your period. Pelvic pain caused by endometriosis can show up days (even weeks) earlier than the expected PMS discomfort.

      Gastrointestinal or bladder issues — Sometimes the uterine lining can travel and attach itself to the bladder or bowels and can cause painful issues like constipation, diarrhoea, or the feeling that you’ve got a UTI.

      Painful sex — If you’re feeling pain during deep penetration (as opposed to say, the insertion of the penis) your gynae may suspect endometriosis.

      Backache — endometrial glands can travel along the back or frontal wall of the pelvic cavity, which can cause back pain or stomach aches.

      Fertility issues — When endometriosis is severe, it can damage or block the fallopian tubes or distort the pelvic cavity, lowering your odds of reproductive success. Around 70% of patients with endometriosis will have no fertility issues. According to the American Society of Reproductive Medicine, up to 30% of women with endometriosis struggle to get pregnant, doctors are unsure whether it’s to do with endometrium distorting the pelvic anatomy, altering the chemicals that affect egg quality or the implantation environment of the embryo, or whether another factor affects how sperm move up the fallopian tube.

      If you suspect something’s not right, go see your doctor, stat.

      READ MORE: 10 Tips To Keep Your Vagina Happy And Healthy

      Who’s affected?

      Women and girls of reproductive age, mostly between 15 and 49. There is a hereditary element, but scientists don’t know if one gene or a family of genes predispose women to endometriosis. There isn’t a known equivalent of the BRCA gene (which indicates if someone has a higher risk of developing breast cancer), but scientists are trying to determine if one exists, to then help identify people needing laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis diagnosis.

      How it grows

      Endometriosis is thought to be linked to oestrogen levels, with research indicating that sufferers show resistance to progesterone, the other female sex hormone. This is one possible explanation for associated infertility, as progesterone is necessary to thicken the uterus lining each month. Without it, the uterus may be an unfavourable habitat for an embryo to embed and form a pregnancy.

      READ MORE: 6 Reasons That Explain Why You’re Constantly Tired

      Medication

      Because scientists believe the growth of endometriosis lesions is driven by oestrogen, patients are prescribed drugs to stop ovaries producing the hormone, which subsequently reduces pain, stops the problem progressing and reduces adhesion size. Typical medication includes the combined pill, progestogens, a progestogen IUD (like the Mirena coil); or a GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) agonist, which causes temporary menopause.

      Surgery

      The aim is to alleviate pain by removing the endometriosis, dividing adhesions or removing cysts. Conservative surgery is usually done via laparoscopy (keyhole surgery). The surgeon will either cut out the adhesions (known as excision) or destroy them using heat or laser (ablation). Complex surgery is required when the endometriosis adhesions are spread across multiple organs, like the bowel or bladder.

      READ MORE: 12 Reasons Why You’re Suddenly Experiencing Painful Sex

      Severe pain

      Chronic pain affects many women with endometriosis. This can lead to central sensitisation, whereby the more exposure a person has to pain, the lower their threshold becomes. Brain imaging studies have shown that chronic pain patients have a reduced volume of grey matter in the area associated with muscle control and sensory perceptions, such as memory and self-control.

      Hysterectomy

      Hysterectomy is a radical surgery for endometriosis and, if guidelines are followed, should only be considered if a patient hasn’t responded to other treatments. Most experts agree that it should only be used in adenomyosis (where adhesions grow into the uterus wall). More

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      We Asked Experts: Is Coffee Good or Bad for You, and How Do You Make It Healthier?

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      It’s the morning jolt you look forward to and the pick-me-up to get you through an afternoon slump—I’m talking a good ol’ cup of coffee, of course. It turns out your java habit is doing more than just giving you a much-needed rush of energy and helping you stay awake. Recent research shows that drinking about two cups a day can provide a ton of health benefits (great news for coffee addicts alike). So I asked health experts to spill the tea—ahem, coffee—on all the health benefits of coffee, how to make sure your cup of coffee is as healthy as possible, and if coffee really is as beneficial as studies may suggest. Grab your fave brew, and let’s dig in. 

      In this article

       
      Health benefits of coffee
       
      1. Boosts energy levels and brain function
      No surprise here: Your go-to morning bevvie contains caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant which helps fight fatigue and level up your energy levels, which is probably why you love it so much. But how does it work? When the body ingests caffeine, specific receptors in the brain that mediate critical functions like sleep, arousal, cognition, memory, and learning are blocked. In other words: Bye, bye, fatigue. Hello, alertness. “Coffee has been shown to positively impact brain function, with studies suggesting that coffee can improve alertness, memory, and reaction time,” agreed Monica Russell, a nutritionist and the founder and CEO of Acquired Coffee.

      2. Packed with antioxidants
      Step aside, chocolate and blueberries because coffee is also chock full of antioxidants. Not only is it antioxidant-rich, but it might be one of the most antioxidant-rich products we have access too. “Coffee is one of the richest antioxidant drink in the world,” explained Michael Murdy, a food scientist, dietitian chef, and founder of Robust Kitchen. “It contains polyphenols, a type of antioxidant, which can help reduce inflammation, protect cells from damage, and even help to lower the risk of some chronic diseases.” 

      3. May assist healthy weight loss goals
      If weight loss is one of your goals, your morning Starbucks run may be doing more for you than just boosting energy levels. According to one study done from 2021, coffee could alter fat storage and support gut health (gut health is an important factor in healthy weight management). In another promising study, increased coffee intake was linked to overall decreased body fat in women specifically. Furthermore, drinking coffee may help you be more active, which can be beneficial if increased activity is part of your weight loss plan: another promising study found that people who drank 1-2 cups of coffee per day were 17% more likely to meet recommended physical activity levels, compared with those who drank less than one cup per day. 

      4. Contains essential nutrients
      As registered dietician Devon Peart, MHSc, BASc told Cleveland Clinic, coffee contains about a thousand different botanical compounds. While scientists haven’t studied all of them yet, the verdict so far is looking good. What’s more, Murdy cited that coffee contains essential vitamins and minerals, such as potassium (an essential electrolyte), magnesium (supports muscle and nerve function and energy production), and niacin (supports a healthy nervous system and digestive system). 

      5. Can improve physical performance
      If you’ve ever drank coffee before pre-workout, you may have noticed anything from a little pep in your step to feeling like you’re The Hulk (but prettier, obvi), and for good reason. Coffee stimulates the body to use fat stores instead of muscle glycogen (AKA sugar) during long workouts. The result? Prolonged use of working muscles, leading to the ability to train longer and with greater power output and resistance to fatigue. 
       
      Why coffee may not be good for you
      While there are some amazing health benefits, it’s important to know that every body is different, and therefore reacts differently to every practice, routine, and food–including coffee. Therefore, along with the benefits of coffee, there also may be some downsides. Dr. Anna Arabyan, a hormone expert and founder of NutraFemmeRX, laid out the potential downfalls of caffeine, particularly on women with a reproductive cycle. “It’s important to note that the effects of caffeine on women with a reproductive cycle can vary depending on individual sensitivity to caffeine,” Dr. Arabyan continued. “If you are a woman with hormone-related health concerns, talk to your healthcare provider about how much caffeine is safe for you to consume.” Potential downfalls of coffee include:
      Hormonal imbalances: Caffeine can affect the levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. In higher dosages, there is a possibility that excess caffeine intake can cause an imbalance of the two hormones, leading to negative health effects (think: premenstrual syndrome, heavy periods, fibrocystic breasts, period symptoms, etc.). Additionally, caffeine can cause your body to produce excess cortisol (AKA the stress hormone), which can result in inflammation. 
      Increased anxiety and insomnia: Caffeine can cause nervousness, restlessness, and anxiety, particularly in women who are already prone to these conditions. It can also interfere with sleep, which can lead to fatigue and other health problems. 
      Potential toxin consumption: conventional coffee is among the most heavily chemically treated crops in the world. Coffee bean crops are commonly treated with synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides that do not always get processed out when the bean is turning into your cup of coffee. Because mold, toxins, and pesticides may be lurking in your java, knowing where your coffee is coming from matters. 
       
      Bottom line: is coffee good or bad?
      The age-old debate remains: Is coffee a superfood or damaging? “The answer is, it depends,” Russell stated. “Coffee can be a great source of antioxidants and brain-boosting benefits, but it’s also high in caffeine, which can be harmful in large amounts. Whether coffee is good or bad for you depends on your biochemistry.” In other words, because of bio-individuality, every body will react differently to coffee. “Coffee is a complex beverage, and its effects on one person may vary widely from what other experiences,” Murdy echoed. “Some people may find that it increases their energy, focus, and cognitive performance, while others may find it to have negative effects such as increased anxiety, agitation, or interrupted sleep. Pay attention to how your body responds to coffee and adjust your consumption accordingly.”
      Translation: Get to know your body and how you feel with or without caffeine, and make the choice that is best for you. Talk to your doctor about how coffee could affect you (especially if you have anxiety, insomnia, or hormone-related symptoms), and experiment with at least a few days without caffeine to see how you feel. You just might find that “detoxing” from caffeine has a long term benefit on your energy levels or improves symptoms such as headaches, PMS, or anxiety. Also, if you feel dependent on coffee to be able to stay awake or wake up in the morning, talk to your doctor about naturally increasing energy and potentially limiting caffeine to get over any caffeine dependence. However, if you feel no dependence or symptoms and you want to enjoy coffee as a part of your routine, enjoy an (organic–more on that below!) cup, knowing you’re getting some amazing health benefits.

      Tips to make your cup of coffee as healthy as possible
       
      1. Choose organic Arabica beans 
      Since coffee is a highly-sprayed pesticide food, Russell recommended reaching for organic coffee whenever possible to reduce your exposure to pesticides and chemicals. “When shopping for coffee beans, look for high-quality, organic, and specialty-grade beans,” she continued. “These are usually grown in specific regions and are carefully harvested and processed to produce the best possible flavor.” As for the healthiest types of beans? “Arabica beans are generally the best choice,” Murdy  confirmed. “They contain fewer caffeine and acids than Robusta beans, making them easier on the stomach and less likely to cause heartburn or indigestion.”
       
      2. Be mindful of how you take your coffee
      “Using too much sugar in your coffee can increase blood sugar levels,” Murdy explained. “Instead, try using natural sweeteners such as honey or maple syrup to sweeten your coffee. Or, if you don’t need any sweetness, you can skip it altogether.” Russell favored adding a small amount of almond or coconut milk for creaminess or opting for a sugar alternative like stevia. To take it a step further, Murdy suggested adding spices to your cup of java: “Adding spices to your coffee can help enhance the flavor and add a boost of antioxidants. Try adding a pinch of cinnamon, nutmeg, or cardamom for a delicious and nutritious twist.”

      3. Brew your own coffee
      We get it: you’ve reached VIP status at your local Starbucks, but Russell suggested DIYing at home to not only save you cash, but also to give you more control over the ingredients you use. Dr. Sony Sherpa, a holistic physician from Nature’s Rise, encouraged using filtered water when brewing your coffee: “Coffee is 99% water, so using clean, filtered water will help to improve the taste and quality of your coffee. With filtered water, you can ensure that your coffee doesn’t contain impurities that may be present in tap water.”
       
      4. Go for a dark roast
      All those different “roasts” you see at your local coffee shop actually mean more than just how coffee connoisseurs order their ideal cup. The variety of roast can also vary caffeine, acid levels, antioxidants, etc. The differences are slight, but may be worth it if you’re a heavy coffee drinker and don’t have a preference anyway. “Dark roast coffee has slightly less caffeine than light roast coffee, so the former is better if you’re trying to cut back on caffeine intake,” Dr. Sherpa explained. “Dark roast coffee has also been shown to contain more antioxidants than light roast coffee.” Russell agreed: “Darker roasts tend to be lower in acidity, making them easier on your stomach. Plus, they often have a stronger, bolder flavor.”
       
      5. Consider decaf or a coffee alternative if you’re sensitive to caffeine
      If you want to avoid caffeine due to hormonal concerns, mental health, or insomnia, but still love a cup of coffee as your morning ritual, there are options for you too. “Consider switching to a caffeine-free alternative like decaf or trying a coffee alternative like dandelion coffee or chicory root coffee,” Russell proposed. There are other super nutritious substitutes like viral MUD/WTR, matcha tea, and kombucha, all of which have additional benefits you don’t want to sleep on (hint: can improve focus and energy, super beneficial for gut health, reduce your risk of high blood pressure, and boost your immune system, respectively). 
       

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      5 Simple Ways To Tell Exactly When You’re Ovulating

      by

      There are two reasons you’ll want to know when you are ovulating: if you’re trying to fall pregnant or if you’re trying not to fall pregnant. In previous years, you’d have to rely on an old-school calendar to track your menstrual cycle. But with technology comes major perks that allow you to tell when you’re ovulating. Here are a few of the methods.

      Menstrual Tracker

      You should be ovulating about 14 days before the start of your next period. If you are not sure how long your cycle is, start marking the days of your cycle in your menstrual tracker — starting with day one on the first day of your period. Once you have established a pattern, the app can predict ovulation reliably.

      READ MORE: Everything You Really Need To Know About Irritable Bowel Syndrome

      Pay Attention To Your Body’s Signs

      You might get a slight pain over your ovary at the time of ovulation. Also, The cervical mucus changes a few days before you ovulate, making it easier for sperm to get into the uterus and to the egg that was released. The volume of your discharge will increase and it becomes almost elastic. Your temperature also rises by about half a degree.

      Ovulation Sticks

      These work just like pregnancy tests — detecting a surge of hormones in your urine. You start using them at the same time of day from about day twelve of your cycle or about 16 days before you think your next period will start. If two lines appear, it means that you will ovulate within the next 24 hours.

      Clicks Ovulation Test

      This kit tests for the luteinizing hormone, present during ovulation.

      READ MORE: 10 Tips To Keep Your Vagina Happy And Healthy

      Fertile Focus

      This is a little device that can be bought from pharmacies. You put a drop of spit on a small microscope lens and then look for a fern pattern forming on it when it has dried out. It costs a few hundred rand, but is worth it if you’re going to be using it every month.

      Fertile Focus

      Fertile Focus uses your saliva to detect ovulation.

      Blood Tests

      This is usually only used in fertility clinics if you are having problems conceiving. Very important to remember: the natural or rhythm method of pregnancy prevention (not having sex around ovulation) is not very reliable. If falling pregnant will be a catastrophe, try something more reliable!

      READ MORE: How To Use Genetic Testing To Improve Your Health

      Get a Fitness Tracker Watch

      Fitness trackers do so much more than measure your BPM during your workout. Using your body’s temperature, they can now detect ovulation. Make sure you buy a fitness tracker that has menstrual cycle capabilities, since this is the functionality you’re looking for.

      Apple Series 8 Watch

      Temperature sensing works with menstrual tracking to detect when you’re ovulating. More