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      Your Burning UTI Treatment Questions, Answered

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      First up: a bladder infection is not the only form of UTI. “Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are bacterial infections of any part of the urinary tract, which includes the bladder, ureters and kidneys,” explains urologist Dr Julius Jacobs. “However, an infection below the bladder (urethritis) is generally not classified as a UTI.” Here, what to know about UTI treatment, and answers to questions about prevention and medication.What Is The Main Cause Of A UTI?Bacteria that infects the bladder, ureters and kidneys are the cause of UTIs. And, because women have shorter urethras which allow bacteria easier access to the bladder, women are particularly prone to UTIs, explains Dr Jacobs.“Almost half of all women will experience cystitis (bladder infection) in their lifetime,” explains Dr Jacobs, “with a higher risk among those who are sexually active, use spermicides, or have a family history of UTIs.”Types of UTIsThere are generally two types of UTIs: uncomplicated and complicated.Uncomplicated UTI: This is a simple bladder infection, mostly occurring in females. Symptoms may include frequent urination, a burning sensation, bladder pain, and occasionally blood-stained or foul-smelling urine. Fever is rare with uncomplicated infections.Complicated UTI:This involves infection reaching the kidneys or ureters and may be associated with additional conditions like kidney stones, obstructions, or structural abnormalities. Symptoms may be more severe, often including fever, and require further imaging, a urine culture, and antibiotics.How To Stop Getting UTIsIf you keep getting urinary tract infections (that is, three or more infections per year, or two within six months), you may have a few habits or risk factors in play. Generally, you’re most at risk if you’re in menopause, pregnant, having penetrative sex or even at certain points in your menstrual cycle. Disappointingly, that’s any woman at any given time. What’s a girl to do? Dr Jacobs recommends:Upping your water intake – this helps flush out harmful bacteria and dilutes urine, thereby minimizing the concentration of bacteria, weakening its potential to multiply and thrive.Pee after sex – this timely flush helps get rid of any bacteria that may have entered your urethra during your session.Wipe from front to back – the reverse introduces harmful bacteria, while this removes the germs.Wear breathable undies – Great circulation of air helps prevent harmful bacteria from growing, since drier conditions represses bacterial growth.Avoid baths – baths, with their warm water and fragrant soaps, provides excellent environments for harmful bacteria to thrive.READ MORE: Is There Anything You Can Eat To Make Your Vagina Smell Good + More Sexual Health Questions AnsweredIs a UTI an STI?While sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria, it’s not considered an STI because they affect the urinary tract (bladder, urethra, kidneys) rather than sexual organs and are not contagious. STIs are also made up of bacteria or viruses and are transmitted only through sexual contact, although their symptoms can be similar to UTIs.Do You Need Antibiotics To Treat UTIs?In some cases, a low dose of preventative antibiotics for three to six months could help with recurrent UTIs, says Dr Jacobs. But other treatment works, too, like bladder instillations, hormonal therapy post-menopause, immunisations, vaginal probiotics, Methenamine Hippurate, and D-Mannose supplements.READ MORE: These Changes Mean You Might Have An STI – Here’s What They Mean (And What To Do)How To Get Rid Of A UTI FastUTI treatment involves taking antibiotics, which means you’ll need to see your doctor. In some cases, they can go away on their own, but it’s also possible that a UTI without treatment can become worse and infect kidneys and even create life-threatening sepsis.These home remedies may help for simple, uncomplicated infections, along with drinking plenty of water:Try plantsIn a large literature review of medicines, authors identified herbs and plants that studies show may be effective as UTI treatment. Among these are cranberry, cinnamon, blueberry and buchu. They all work with different levels of effectiveness but are not advised to be used alone as a UTI treatment.Take your vitaminsVitamin C, a potent antioxidant and immune-booster, has been shown to assist with UTI symptoms and reduce the infection. Taken with cranberry, it’s been shown to be synergistic, working together to manage UTIs. Other good vitamins include vitamin A and vitamin D.Use probioticsVarious probiotic strains show promise with controlling UTIs, since they are able to inhibit UTI bacterial growth, adhere to bladder walls and generally force them to leave in an orderly queue.READ MORE: How Long Does A UTI Last And Can It Go Away On Its Own? More

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      Painful Periods? PCOS? Meet The Hormone-Balancing Supps

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      Jooce. Kiko. Zoie. Bluum. These are just some of the burgeoning supplement brands on the market, offered as a long-awaited answer to the problem of menstrual disorders and unmanageable menopause symptoms. But how do these hormone balancing supps work – and are they effective?Women’s Health Solutions Are IgnoredIn the healthcare industry, menstrual disorders and menopause are the last to be addressed. This translates into countless women struggling for years with painful periods and hormonal issues with little to no lasting solutions. Globally, statistics reflect that only 5% of global research and development was allocated to women’s health in 2020, with 4% of that going into cancer research, leaving just 1% for all other women-specific conditions. According to a report by the World Economic Forum and McKinsey Health Institute, while women do live longer than men, they also spend 25% more of their lives in debilitating health, a figure which represents around nine years.Overall, the solutions to conditions like endometriosis, PCOS and adverse menopause symptoms are invasive, expensive and largely out of touch with women’s needs. For example, the only way to diagnose endometriosis is through surgery. As a result, many women wait ten years for a diagnosis.  Enter: Hormone-Balancing SuppsUnwilling to wait for governments and healthcare companies to catch on, independent businesses are addressing women’s dire need for assistance in battling hormonal problems. And, if you’ve been around the wellness block, you’ll be surprised to see how familiar the ingredients are: magnesium citrate, zinc, vitamin E and B vitamins. Others, while more woo-woo, are still familiar: maca root and ashwagandha, typically used for energy boosting and reducing stress, respectively. Naturally, WH decided to try them out.Reviewed: Primeve Plus

      Primeve Plus

      “This supplement’s main ingredient is evening primrose oil; I’ve been using this for my fibrocystic breasts, but it’s also been incredible for PMS symptoms. What is great about this product is that it’s filled with many vitamins such as magnesium, which helps with sleep. I felt instant relief in my breasts; the hardness, tenderness, most painful to the touch had gone. They also went down a size!”

      – Pia, Creative Director

      Reviewed: Zoie Health Cycle Calm

      Zoie Health Cycle Calm

      “I’ve been using ‘Cycle Calm’ for a few months now, and I swear by it. I take it before and during my cycle, and it helps with mood swings and cramps (thank you, magnesium!). Also, it actually tastes good – big plus when you’re craving something sweet.”

      – Chamain, Digital Editor

      The Hormone-Balancing RevolutionA quick scroll through different brands’ websites shows waves of positive reviews, from improved skin and more regular periods to weight loss and minimal period pain. One woman wrote that after a year of no cycle, her periods returned. Dr Kalantsho Maoto, an endoscopic surgeon and fertility and endocrinology specialist, points out that the term “hormone balancing” is a misnomer. “They happen to have some effect on conditions that are hormone-mediated. But it doesn’t necessarily mean that they are hormone balancing in their own right,” he says. Instead, Dr Maoto says they’re something like “inflammatory mediators in hormone-mediated conditions – but that’s a mouthful”.Before, these ingredients’ efficacy was based on traditional practices or anecdotal evidence. Now, some science backs up their efficacy. Studies are now showing that adaptogens like ashwagandha are not only great for stress but also affect hormone health, improving menopause and menstruation symptoms. And its efficacy has permeated Dr Maoto’s practice, with women walking in and asking about it. However, what’s important to remember is that conditions like PCOS and endometriosis, which many women are taking hormone-balancing supps for, are “systemic diseases”, explains Dr Maoto. It’s not just that there is a hormonal component; there are multifactorial components, including inflammatory, there’s immunology.” And, supplements don’t only work on one body part, but multiple at the same time. For inositol, something common in PCOS supplements, it would help tackle inflammatory markers and insulin levels, which in turn, would create better blood sugar levels, which would alleviate PCOS symptoms, explains Dr Maoto. But from a scientific point of view, researchers may not be concerned with this, which might be why robust studies are thin on the ground. “The real question would be, so what if you’re trying to get someone to ovulate, to get them pregnant? Does it actually have an effect on their pregnancy rates? Because that’s the thing to measure,” explains Dr Maoto.The Key Ingredients For Better PeriodsEven so, companies are meeting the need for relief from painful cycle-related symptoms. “Our Zoie Health supplements are curated by a team of pharmacists, dieticians and gynaecologists,” says Naznin Bhom, pharmacist academic intern at Zoie Health, a tech company that offers telehealth services, supplements for women and a community for women to connect. “The team selected ingredients and dosages based on rigorous scientific research, safety profiles with a focus on addressing critical aspects of women’s health. We considered ingredients with strong evidence supporting their efficacy and synergistic effects to enhance overall wellness.” Ingredients used in the Zoie Health range include chaste tree berry, ashwagandha, African potato and green rooibos. “Many of these plants originated in Africa, known for its great diversity in herbal and African medicine,” explains Bhom. “Chaste tree berry is an ancient remedy used to ease menstrual discomfort, manage PMS and promote fertility. Our very own green rooibos, indigenous to South Africa, offers anti-inflammatory and anti-ageing benefits.”Bhom notes that these supplements work to help regulate hormones for a better cycle, but they also impact many other facets of women’s health. “Hormones are powerful signals; too much or too little of them causes a drastic change in women’s bodies,” she says. Take skincare: much acne and even hyperpigmentation can be linked to hormonal changes from excess oestrogen production or pregnancy. In many cases, rave reviews from these hormone-balancing supps start with the glowing changes in skin and fewer period pains.The Hero IngredientsHere, the popular ingredients filling up hormone-balancing supps bottles: Ashwagandha

      The adaptogenic herb helps with balancing hormones. In studies of perimenopausal women, supplementing with the herb for eight weeks improved menopausal symptoms. Overall, more studies are needed to understand its role, but anecdotal evidence from women is promising.

      B vitamins

      Vitamin B1 has been shown to help ease painful periods and reduce PMS symptoms; B6 does the same, but is best used in conjunction with other B vitamins.

      Chasteberry

      Chasteberry helps normalise the menstrual cycle by increasing progesterone production and reducing prolactin, which is linked to menstrual disorders. It’s been used to help with PMS, irregular periods and more.Zinc

      Not just a hero for combating a cold, zinc is a PCOS fighter, helping to decrease insulin resistance and reducing excess hair growth. In one study, women took 50mg a day to combat excessive hair growth associated with PCOS.

      Probiotics

      Good gut health not only helps keep your bowels regular but also flushes out excess hormones, which in turn regulates your cycle. Also, a healthy gut biome helps the body absorb nutrients, creating proper conditions for the creation of hormones.

      Are Hormone-Balancing Supplements Safe?The golden rule is to always check with your doctor before taking any supplement. That said, many are not necessarily dangerous. “Most supplements don’t actually do any harm,” says Dr Maoto. “When it comes to their safety profile, most of them are fine. Most of these supplements, our bodies actually have. We’re not putting into our body something that the body doesn’t actually know.”“These supplements offer a non-invasive, natural alternative or complement to conventional treatments like hormone therapy,” says Bhom. “The implications are promising, as more women seek out personalised, accessible ways to manage hormonal disorders without relying solely on pharmaceuticals,” says Bhom.Dr Maoto adds a very important asterisk: with a good diet, you may not need supplements at all. “If you’re eating well enough, it means you have enough vitamin D, you have enough iron, you have enough inositol, you have enough coenzymes,” he says. To that end, incorporate more foods with the key vitamins and minerals you need.The Goods  A few hormone-balancing supps for period pain, overall regulation and menopause support.Bluum Menopause Support

      Bluum Menopause Support

      This natural supplement is made to support the transition from perimenopause to menopause. It helps to alleviate hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings and more.

      Vitamin Me PMS Support + Hormone Balance

      Vitamin Me PMS Support + Hormone Balance

      Containing essential vitamins and minerals known to target PMS and hormonal challenges, this PMS Support + Hormone Balance helps to alleviate PMS symptoms and hormone imbalances.

      Solal Hormone Balance Natural HRT

      Solal Hormone Balance Natural HRT

      From relieving period pain to preventing osteoporosis in menopause, this supplement, with chasteberry, black cohosh and vitamin D, is a natural version of HRT.

      Kiko Vitals Hormone Balance

      Kiko Vitals Hormone Balance

      A mix of plant sources like Dong Quai, maca and ashwagandha, this supplement aims to combat an out-of-sync cycle and promote regular periods and clear skin.

      Jooce Hormone Balance Powder

      Jooce Hormone Balance Powder

      According to Jooce, this blend of myo-inositol, magnesium, folic acid and more works to support ovarian function, prevent hormonal acne and unwanted hair growth.

      Zoie Health PCOS Pro

      Zoie Health PCOS Pro

      Made for support, this blend helps with improving metabolic health and hormonal balance. Plus, you can buy a three or six-month bundle or subscribe for a monthly supply. Lush.

      Women’s Health participates in various affiliate marketing programmes, which means we may get commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. More

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      The Top 5 Foot Woes Long-Distance Runners Face (And How You Can Dodge Them)

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      As the countdown to the Two Oceans Marathon begins, runners are deep in final prep mode. But while training plans and nutrition get plenty of attention, there’s one area that often gets overlooked – your feet. And when you’re clocking up the kilometres for over 50km, foot health isn’t just a nice-to-have, it’s a must.So, with the help of our friends at Kroko, we’ve rounded up the top five foot woes long-distance runners face, and how you can sidestep them.“Foot health is crucial for Two Oceans runners, and neglecting it can lead to discomfort, injuries or even a dreaded DNF [Did Not Finish],” explains Lynsey Hammond, MD for Kroko.1. Blisters & ChafingNothing kills race day vibes faster than a blister. Constant friction, heat and moisture (thanks, sweat) can turn into painful hot spots – one of the most common complaints from long-distance runners.How To Avoid:Nail your shoe fit. Get properly measured and ensure your trainers aren’t too tight or too loose.

      Stay sock savvy. Invest in moisture-wicking socks. Ditch the cotton!

      Break ’em in. Never debut new kit on race day. Give your shoes and socks plenty of trial runs.

      Pre-emptive strike. Use blister prevention balms or protective pads on known hotspots.

      Keep it dry. A dusting of foot powder (like Kroko Foot Powder) inside shoes can absorb excess moisture.READ MORE: How To Choose The Right Socks For Your Walking Workout2. Black ToenailsWhen running, repetitive trauma from the toes hitting the front of the shoes can cause bruising beneath the nail, resulting in blackened toenails or even nail loss.How To Avoid:Room to wiggle. Ensure there’s adequate space in your shoe’s toe box (about a thumb’s width).

      Trim time. Keep those toenails neatly trimmed and short.

      Lace like a pro. Master your lacing technique to keep your foot secure and prevent sliding forward.3. Plantar FasciitisA sharp pain in your heel when you take your first steps in the morning? That’s likely plantar fasciitis, an inflammation of the thick band of tissue running across the bottom of your foot. It’s a common problem for ultra-distance runners.How To Avoid:Stretch it out. Make calf stretches and foot-strengthening exercises (like towel scrunches) part of your daily drill.

      Get support. Consider supportive insoles or heel cups to ease the strain on the plantar fascia.4. Corns & CallusesRepetitive friction from long runs can cause hardened skin build-up, aka corns and calluses. Corns typically form on the toes or sides of the feet, with a central core that can press into the skin, causing pain. Calluses are larger, flat areas of thickened skin that usually form on the soles of the feet. While they are the body’s way of protecting the skin from the repeated friction associated with long-distance running, they can become uncomfortable or even painful for runners.How To Avoid:Fit first. Again, properly fitting shoes are key to reducing pressure points.

      Cushion up. Cushioned insoles or pads can help redistribute pressure more evenly.

      Moisturise matters. Keep foot skin supple and hydrated to prevent excessive dryness and cracking around calluses.

      Smooth move. Gently exfoliate built-up dead skin regularly.READ MORE: The Best Running Shoes For Hyrox, Speed, Distance & Trail5. Cracked HeelsMarathon runners are often familiar with dry, cracked skin that forms around the heel area, which will worsen with long runs, leading to discomfort and an increased risk of infection.How To Avoid:Moisturise. Slather on a good moisturiser daily, especially after showering.

      Buff gently. Exfoliate away the dry, flaky bits regularly.

      Sock shield. Wear well-cushioned socks that protect the heel area.

      Balm it up. Consider targeted balms for protection and soothing, or treatments specifically for existing cracks.Quick Reccs To Pack This WeekendSnatch these products at your local stores before race day!Kroko Foot Powder

      Nexcare Toe Blister Plasters Comfort

      Feetures Elite Light Ankle Socks More

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      Missed A Dose? It Could Be Costing More Than You Think

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      We’ve all done it – skipped a dose or abandoned a treatment plan because of work, exercise, or a big event. But this seemingly harmless habit is fuelling a global health crisis. World Adherence Day, debuting on 27 March 2025, is here to change that, urging healthcare professionals and patients to stick to treatment plans – a critical yet often overlooked factor in global health.This year’s campaign, #DontMissAMoment, zeroes in on the devastating effects of non-adherence, from worsening health outcomes to avoidable hospitalisations and soaring healthcare costs. Backed by the World Heart Federation (WHF), this global movement aims to drive awareness and action across the medical community.The MissionEducate patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals about adherence.

      Encourage open conversations between doctors and patients about treatment plans.

      Engage communities through workshops, social media campaigns and public outreach events.

      Advocate for policies that improve access to medications and adherence support systems.Why Adherence MattersNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for approximately 75% of deaths globally, equating to at least 43 million annually. In South Africa, the prevalence of NCDs has been rising significantly. Between 1997 and 2018, deaths due to major NCDs – including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic lower respiratory diseases – increased by 58.7%. Hypertension is notably prevalent, affecting approximately 4.74 million South Africans as of 2019. In addition, 17,8% of the population is living with HIV/Aids.Adherence – sticking to prescribed medications, lifestyle changes and regular medical visits – is critical for managing chronic conditions like hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Poor adherence increases mortality rates and healthcare expenses. Yet just 50% of patients in high-income countries adhere to chronic condition treatments, with even lower rates in developing nations.“This results in preventable complications, hospitalisations and a reduced quality of life for millions worldwide,” says Virosha Deonarain, Head of Medical Affairs at pharmaceutical company, Servier Southern and Eastern Africa. “Improving adherence could significantly lower long-term mortality risk.”READ MORE: Things You (Probably) Didn’t Know About Antidepressants – And DepressionThe Role Of Healthcare ProvidersEven with life-saving treatments available, many patients face barriers like treatment fatigue, financial constraints and fear of side effects. When healthcare providers actively engage and ask the right questions, they can significantly boost adherence rates.Beyond patient education, healthcare professionals must advocate for policies that improve access to essential medications and foster better health. READ MORE: “We Need To Have More Open Conversations About Miscarriages, Abortions And Pregnancy”Empowering Patients To Take Care Of Their HealthTaking charge of your health starts with asking the right questions:What is this medication for, and how does it benefit me?

      What dietary or lifestyle changes should I make?

      How do these changes support my treatment plan?

      How often should I follow up with my doctor?

      What should I do if I miss a dose?“If we all work together, we can ensure adherence is a shared responsibility, not a burden,” says Dr Martin Mpe, President of the SA Heart Association. “By taking action today, healthcare professionals and patients can ensure that no one misses a moment due to preventable health issues.”Show your support for World Adherence Day 2025 by committing to better treatment adherence. #DontMissAMomentInformation and references courtesy of Servier. More

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      Yes, Poor Oral Health Is Strongly Linked To Serious Disease 

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      Along with handing out toothbrushes at school, it would’ve helped to know that poor oral health is linked to disease – and serious ones too. For a long time, the connection between oral health to overall health has been known but not much discussed. Now, it’s gaining attention. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), oral diseases affect nearly 3.7 billion people. Untreated tooth decay is the most common health condition, according to 2021 data. And, more studies reveal that the mouth’s bacteria, much like that in your gut, plays a role in overall oral health. Dr Ockert Bekker, a dental surgeon at Bekker Dental and Aesthetics, highlights that neglecting oral hygiene can lead to serious health issues, including diabetes, heart disease, respiratory infections, and an association with mental health challenges. Here’s what to know – and how to protect yourself.The mouth microbiomeThe mouth hosts a diverse microbiome, comprising over 700 taxa (or groups) of bacteria. These microorganisms naturally colonise the oral cavity, thriving in its warm, moist environment rich in nutrients from food and saliva. This ecosystem includes both beneficial and harmful bacteria. Beneficial bacteria, such as Streptococcus salivarius and Lactobacillus species, play crucial roles in maintaining oral health. They aid in breaking down food, produce antimicrobial substances that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, and contribute to a balanced oral environment. Moreover, they assist in digestion and support a healthy gut microbiome. Conversely, harmful bacteria like Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with dental problems. S. mutans feed on sugars, producing acids that erode tooth enamel and lead to cavities. P. gingivalis is linked to gum infections and systemic inflammation. These can contribute to diseases like diabetes and heart disease.How oral health is linked to disease“Many people don’t realise that their oral health is a mirror of their overall health,” says Dr. Bekker. “Gum disease, for instance, is not just about bad breath or bleeding gums – it can be linked to diabetes complications. It is important to note that gum disease doesn’t cause diabetes on its own, but it can aggravate it. And, uncontrolled diabetes can fuel periodontal problems,” he adds.Research indicates that gum disease can double or even triple the risk of cardiovascular conditions, while individuals with diabetes and poor oral health often struggle with blood sugar control. In South Africa, where nearly 4.5 million people live with diabetes, improving oral hygiene could significantly impact overall health. Respiratory illnesses, a leading cause of hospitalisations in the country, can also worsen when harmful bacteria from infected gums enter the lungs. The psychological effects of poor oral health are equally concerning: individuals suffering from tooth loss and decay are at a 33% higher risk of developing mental health disorders.The microbiome-disease linkThe connection between oral health and gut health is another area of growing concern. The mouth and gut play essential roles in digestion, immunity, and overall wellness. Poor oral hygiene can disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to systemic inflammation, digestive disorders, and chronic diseases. Harmful bacteria from the mouth, particularly in cases of gum disease, can travel through the bloodstream and settle in the gut. This could trigger inflammation linked to conditions such as Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and leaky gut syndrome.The current consensus is that there is a link (often called the oral-gut microbial axis). There is ongoing research exploring how significant this link is for human disease. This field is relatively new and ever-expanding our understanding of it. “The bacteria in your mouth don’t just stay there,” explains Dr. Bekker. “If you have gum disease, those harmful bacteria can enter your digestive system, causing an imbalance in the gut microbiome. This can contribute to a range of problems, from bloating and poor digestion to serious inflammatory diseases.”The digestive process starts in the mouth, and issues such as tooth decay, gum disease, or missing teeth can hinder proper chewing, affecting digestion and nutrient absorption. Poor chewing habits have been linked to acid reflux, bloating, and slow gut motility. Some harmful oral bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, have even been associated with colon cancer and inflammatory gut disorders.READ MORE: Manual vs Electric Toothbrushes: Which Is Better?The conditions associated with poor oral hygiene“It is important to note all these conditions work bidirectionally and may not be the causative agent but part of a larger process in the human body,” explains Dr Bekker. Translation: if you neglect your oral hygiene, you can be at risk of these disease processes. And if you have these disease processes, then your oral health can suffer.Heart DiseasePoor oral hygiene, particularly gum disease (periodontitis), has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease. The inflammation caused by gum disease can contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, raising the risk of heart attack and stroke.DiabetesGum disease can make it harder to control blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of developing or worsening diabetes. Likewise, individuals with diabetes are more prone to infections like gum disease, creating a cycle that can be difficult to break.Respiratory InfectionsPoor dental hygiene can lead to bad bacteria in the mouth. These could be inhaled into the lungs, potentially causing pneumonia or other respiratory infections. This is particularly a concern for those with compromised immune systems or underlying lung conditions.OsteoporosisOsteoporosis, a condition where bones become weak and brittle, can affect the jawbone, leading to tooth loss. Poor dental hygiene can exacerbate the effects of osteoporosis on oral health. This could lead to more severe bone loss in the jaw.Alzheimer’s DiseaseResearch has suggested that gum disease and the bacteria involved in periodontal disease may play a role in the development or progression of Alzheimer’s disease. The bacteria from the mouth may enter the bloodstream and potentially affect the brain.CancerPoor oral hygiene is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, including oral, throat, and pancreatic cancer. Chronic inflammation in the gums and the presence of harmful bacteria may contribute to these conditions.Gastrointestinal DisordersOral infections or untreated dental problems can lead to bacteria being swallowed. This could potentially cause stomach infections or other gastrointestinal issues. The bacteria can also reach the intestines and affect gut health.READ MORE: 7 Signs You’re At Risk For Gum Disease – And What To DoHow fast does oral health affect overall health?“The gut-mouth connection can take time to manifest in disease. The timeframe can vary depending on individual health, lifestyle, and oral hygiene and the extent of it,” says Dr Bekker. Generally, it can take months or even years for poor oral hygiene to affect the gut and lead to issues like digestive problems, inflammation, or infections. BUT! “The reverse is also true,” warns Dr Bekker. “Once affected, it can take a long time to resolve these issues and restore gut health, which in turn contributes to overall health and well-being.” For example, untreated gum disease can introduce harmful bacteria into the bloodstream. This can eventually impact the gut and lead to conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the exact time it takes for these issues to develop can differ from person to person. The key to preventing this connection from causing health issues is maintaining good oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing regularly, eating a balanced diet, and visiting your dentist regularly for check-ups. More

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      8 Things That Could Be Stealing Your Joy Right Now

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      You may not recognise it, but there are several biological imbalances and environmental factors that could create bad mood triggers, affecting your mood as an offshoot of something else that’s not quite right. Days like International Day of Happiness, celebrated annually on 20 March, serve to remind us that happiness is everyone’s birthright, something we should all be constantly striving towards. Read on and check if any of these ring alarm bells. Then start working slowly towards pouring into your happiness cup again.READ MORE: 10 Ways To Motivate Yourself To Hit the Gym After WorkBad mood trigger 1: Food IntoleranceFood intolerances are responsible for a wide range of physical conditions including nausea and abdominal pain, but they can also affect your mood, causing irritability, mood swings, lack of focus, aggression, nervousness or hyperactivity. If you suffer from regular mood swings, try keeping a food diary – noting what you eat as well as any changes in mood – to see if you can identify a link.Bad mood trigger 2: Your Home DecorIf you want to give your mood a boost, try changing your home decor as your surroundings can heavily influence your mood. While red can make some people feel irritable or hostile, yellow communicates happiness and blue aids relaxation, so try accessorising your home with colours that enhance your mood. Research has also suggested that hanging up soothing pictures – such as beautiful landscape paintings – can positively affect a person’s mood and reduce stress and anxiety.While many of us dream of getting a promotion in work, the reality may not be as rosy as you think. A study by researchers at the University of Warwick has found that rather than improving quality of life for workers, following job promotion employees suffered from increased mental strain and there was on average a 10 percent decrease in people’s mental health.Trigger 4: Your Bedside LampIf you regularly fall asleep reading or watching TV, this can have repercussions on your mood the next day. Research has shown that nighttime light can suppress the production of melatonin; a mood-regulating hormone which is only produced during darkness. So, try investing in some heavy curtains and make sure you turn off all lights at night to give yourself a happiness boost.READ MORE: 5 Beginner Yoga Poses To Help You Sleep BetterTrigger 5: Nutrient DeficienciesWhile depression can be caused by a number of things, symptoms can be worsened or improved by your diet. Deficiencies in vitamin D, the B vitamins (particularly B6, B12 and folate) and omega-3 fatty acids can all lead to feelings of depression and anxiety. Try introducing more foods rich in these nutrients into your diet to see if symptoms improve.Trigger 6: Your FriendsYou might think that spending time with your friends is a great mood booster; however, that could all depend on their mood. Research has found that emotions – both positive and negative – are contagious and easily passed from person to person, often without you being aware of it. Furthermore, you don’t even need to see your friends to catch their mood, as a study suggests that the emotions of Facebook users directly affect the emotions of their friends for up to three days.Trigger 7: Late NightsMany of us are aware that lack of sleep can contribute to a low mood; however, research suggests that when you go to sleep could be almost as important as how much sleep you get. According to a study published in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, night owls are almost three times as likely as early birds to experience severe symptoms of depression, so try getting some early nights to boost your mood.Trigger 8: The PillA study by researchers from Monash University has found that women who take birth control pills are twice as likely to be depressed as those who don’t. For some, certain birth control pills can also lead to mood swings, increased anger and loss of libido. If you think that your mood has changed for the worse since you began taking the pill, visit your GP to discuss the alternatives.READ MORE: 4 Science-Backed Ways To Love Yourself – And Why You ShouldThings That Are Making Team WH Happy Right NowThe team shares the little things that bring them joy amidst the pressures of the rat race!

      Kelleigh Korevaar, Managing Editor

      Nothing is better than the endorphin rush after completing a fitness event or race. I never thought I would buy into the hype but now that I’ve started I’m always looking for a new challenge and it’s bringing me so much joy (and motivation to work out). Next up: HYROX in Cape Town in July!

      Pia Hammond, Creative Director

      Getting away from the insanity that is Cape Town City Bowl and running into the bush with my tent, dog and husband in tow. That is what rejuvenates me and resets all the stress.

      Kemong Mopedi, Deputy Editor

      My literary love Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie released her fourth novel, titled Dream Count, in early March. I’m literally in reading heaven – do not disturb!

      Michelle October, Features Editor

      My dog Moomoo brings me joy every day. Whether she’s making a new human fall in love with her or making a bee-line for seaweed on the beach, there’s always something to smile about when she’s around. 

      Chamain van Zyl, Digital Editor

      Hands down, nothing beats being outdoors! Whether it’s a solo walk, cycling, running, yoga, chasing my kids, or snapping a thousand pics of wildflowers – fresh air is a must for me. A creature of habit? Absolutely. But science agrees – nature nurtures. More

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      5 Quotes About Confidence From Bontle Modiselle

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      It wasn’t until 2024 that Bontle Modiselle found a fitting term that sums up what she does for a living – hence the title multi-disciplinary Artist. The choreographer, dancer, dance instructor, TV host, MC, musician and actress kicked off her dance career at 15, a passion she attributes to legendary 90s kwaito group Boom Shaka. “I was around age six when Boom Shaka was all the rage and my late dad recorded the music video to their hit single It’s About Time on videotape,” she recalls. Little Bontle would reenact and perfect the moves so well that she became the trusted entertainer at family gatherings. Then, throughout primary school, ballet and rhythmic gymnastics helped set the path for her future career. Fast forward to 29 years later…Bontle’s commanded many local and international stages, as well as judged many dance competitions – all this while mastering the art of performative confidence. Below, we gleaned some insights from our March/April 2025 Breakthrough interview with the mom-of-one. Prepare to be inspired!READ MORE: 30 Life-Changing Books To Help You Become Healthier, Wealthier, Happier & More In 2025Confidence Cannot Be Worn“I grew up looking and sounding confident. But what most people didn’t know was that my confidence was performative. Growing up, most parents would innocently bark an order such as: ‘Don’t go out into the world looking like that or don’t ever look like your problems!’ This instilled a sense of, ‘I can always wear confidence and that it should always be tied to external validation’ — something that stripped away my sense of autonomy. And with no sense of autonomy, I could form my own opinions without first wanting to get them approved. Over time, I’ve had to trust that my opinion is exactly that — mine. I owe no one an explanation.”You Don’t Always Have To Check In“For instance, before, whenever my husband would ask me a question, I’d always check in and want to know his answer so I could phrase mine to be as close to his as possible. That was the people-pleaser in me!” But now – even though it took a while – Bontle’s confidence is not defined by how she looks. In fact, she couldn’t care less about physical traits! “Now, my confidence is intertwined in my self-acceptance, self-awareness and being honest about where I am and how I feel!”READ MORE: Jeannie D Shares Her Fitness Goals For 2025 (Plus, A Meal You’ll Want To Try)The Happier Side Of Life“My basis of confidence is different. It’s me going through a lot, yet still not seeking external validation. In interviews as a TV host, whenever someone would ask me what kind of content I enjoyed watching, I would cower and want to mention something profound when the truth of the matter is that I love trash TV and game shows — the type that helps me switch my brain off and do very little thinking after a long day. And if that makes me shallow in someone’s eyes, that’s okay, too!”I Am Not My HairBontle rocked her trademark dreadlocks for 15 years before waking up one morning and deciding to chop them off in April 2023. This, despite a nagging fear that they were a great part of her identity. Greatest lesson? “I am not, and was never my hair! Locs are currently a part of my identity, my hair always has been. People may receive a different message from the one I intend to send but either way, my hair will always say something. Right now my hairstyles scream “I AM FREE!”. Free of lengthy washing and frequent styling sessions. Free of failed twist outs and free to let my hair be. Unless I personally want a style change, I do not think I will be wearing a wig anytime soon.”READ MORE: 18 Books That Will Get You Out Of A Deep Reading SlumpI Don’t Always Have To Be Everyone’s Friend“After winning a beauty pageant in primary school which came with a big hamper of sweet delicacies, I found myself with nearly half the school wanting to be friends with. I was a reserved child who only came alive during ballet. Naive, I shared my goodies with all the kids who lined up feigning interest in me. By Monday, all those kids were gone and pretended like they didn’t know me. Shattered and embarrassed, I went back to my shell. Since then, friendship became a weird concept for me. It also became about people sticking around only when they needed something from you. Over time, I had to learn to trust in the magic of friendship again. And I could only do that once I started believing that I was worthy of healthy friendships and not basing friendships on what I could give — but be open to receiving too!”Check out Bontle Modiselle’s Breakthrough interview in the March/April 2025 issue of Women’s Health. On shelves NOW! More

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      in health and weelbeing

      How To Pick The Best Bed For Better Sleep, According To Experts

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      We live in a world where the number of personal priorities make for a 25-hour day, every day. And in those hours, sleep is the last priority, always something earned after ticking off every to-do list item. But for women, prioritising quality sleep is not just a luxury – it’s a necessity for maintaining physical health, mental well-being, and hormonal balance. Here’s why sleep matters and how you can pick the best bed for better sleep.We’re in a global sleep crisisNo cap – our sleep is getting so bad, experts are wondering if it’s the next global epidemic. Findings from a 2012 WHO study, which sampled data from over 40 000 adults across eight countries (including South Africa), found alarming statistics. Regardless of the country, 16% of participants reported severe sleep problems – with a markedly higher prevalence among older women. In South Africa, the average adult gets only six to six and a half hours of naptime – well below the recommended seven to nine hours.To make things more nightmarish, our commitment to ruining the planet is keeping us up – literally. According to a 2022 study, rising temps delay sleep, meaning less time in la-la land. That’s most likely because in order to drift off, the human body needs to cool down. Interestingly, the study notes that people in low-income countries, women and people in already hot areas are disproportionately impacted. Other factors affecting dreamtime include work stress and sleep poverty (lower sleep quality because of living conditions like noise pollution or uncomfortable beds).Why sleep is specifically necessary for womenThis might keep you up: because sleep is a fundamental health process for the body, a low-quality slumber results in worse health outcomes, ranging from chronic diseases to cancer. It’s linked to mental health conditions, cardio diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity. For women, those eight hours are vital to regulating hormones that are important for the menstrual cycle and fertility. Research shows that poor sleep lowers these hormone levels, leading to irregular periods and reduced fertility. Additionally, elevated cortisol levels caused by sleep deprivation can interfere with reproductive hormones, further impacting ovulation and egg quality.For menopausal people, bad sleep can make menopause symptoms worse, exacerbating hot flashes, night sweats and mood swings. Quality rest helps stabilise these hormonal fluctuations and improves emotional resilience during this life stage.On the other hand, a good night’s rest has snowball effects on health. Studies show that well-rested individuals are more likely to have better relationships, improved concentration, and greater emotional stability.READ MORE: If Your Mattress Sucks, You Might Want To Try Pressure Mapping For Better SleepHow to pick the best bedOne way to get better sleep? Pick the best bed – it’s a key factor in influencing quality sleep. According to Dale Harley, Marketing Executive at Restonic SA, taking good care of your bed can prolong the lifespan of your mattress, improve your sleep quality and prevent health issues. A sure sign that it’s time to break up with your bed? It’s been seven to 10 years, the mattress is sagging or you’re getting better sleep on a different bed. Harley shares tips on picking the best bed for your bod:Pick the right mattressAre you sleeping alone? With someone else? Considering their needs will influence your purchase decision. You may want to find a customisable bed, which can be adjusted to fit individual needs.According to your sleep style, you might need a different mattress:Side Sleepers: Plush mattresses provide cushioning for hips and shoulders while maintaining spinal alignment.

      Stomach Sleepers: Firmer mattresses prevent sinking that could strain the neck or back.

      Couples or Light Sleepers: Pocket spring mattresses minimize motion transfer for undisturbed restGo in-storeThe one time online shopping won’t cut it. Go with comfy clothes (and not too sleepy, says Harley – every bed is great when you’re sleepy).READ MORE: Here’s Exactly How To Become A Legit Morning PersonCheck if it fitsA trick from Harley: To check the “fit” of the bed, lie on your back and slide your hand into the hollow at the bottom of it. If it slides in too easily, the bed might be too hard. If you struggle to fit your hand in, the bed may be too soft. You’re looking for just a slight resistance.Ask your doc“If you have any health issues that affect your sleep, it’s worth speaking to your doctor or physiotherapist to get their input before selecting a bed,” says Harley.READ MORE: The Proven Health Benefits Of Getting OutdoorsGet the best sleep with these mattress maintenance tipsHarley recommends the following practices to keep your mattress in tip-top condition:Use a waterproof mattress protector. This creates a physical barrier that helps prevent dust mites and allergens from penetrating the mattress. A quality mattress protector will help to shield your mattress from stains and spills too. “Mattress protectors also make it difficult for bed bugs to access and hide within the mattress,” says Harley. “They can also prevent sweat, body oils, and dead skin cells from seeping into your mattress.”

      Rotate your mattress once a month, promoting even wear and tear and reducing sagging. Some mattresses need flipping vertically as well as horizontally. If you have a no-turn mattress, you should only turn it horizontally (i.e. keep the same surface facing up and just pivot the mattress on the bed base).

      Keep it clean. Regularly vacuum your mattress to remove dust, dirt, and allergens. Spot-clean the mattress with mild detergent and water.

      Air it out. Occasionally remove your bedding and allow your mattress to air.

      Avoid jumping on the bed, which can damage internal components.

      Handle it with care. When moving the mattress, do not lift it by pulling the tape edging. It’s preferable to have two people work together to move the mattress carefully. More