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    Yes, Poor Oral Health Is Strongly Linked To Serious Disease 

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    Along with handing out toothbrushes at school, it would’ve helped to know that poor oral health is linked to disease – and serious ones too. For a long time, the connection between oral health to overall health has been known but not much discussed. Now, it’s gaining attention. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), oral diseases affect nearly 3.7 billion people. Untreated tooth decay is the most common health condition, according to 2021 data. And, more studies reveal that the mouth’s bacteria, much like that in your gut, plays a role in overall oral health. Dr Ockert Bekker, a dental surgeon at Bekker Dental and Aesthetics, highlights that neglecting oral hygiene can lead to serious health issues, including diabetes, heart disease, respiratory infections, and an association with mental health challenges. Here’s what to know – and how to protect yourself.The mouth microbiomeThe mouth hosts a diverse microbiome, comprising over 700 taxa (or groups) of bacteria. These microorganisms naturally colonise the oral cavity, thriving in its warm, moist environment rich in nutrients from food and saliva. This ecosystem includes both beneficial and harmful bacteria. Beneficial bacteria, such as Streptococcus salivarius and Lactobacillus species, play crucial roles in maintaining oral health. They aid in breaking down food, produce antimicrobial substances that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, and contribute to a balanced oral environment. Moreover, they assist in digestion and support a healthy gut microbiome. Conversely, harmful bacteria like Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with dental problems. S. mutans feed on sugars, producing acids that erode tooth enamel and lead to cavities. P. gingivalis is linked to gum infections and systemic inflammation. These can contribute to diseases like diabetes and heart disease.How oral health is linked to disease“Many people don’t realise that their oral health is a mirror of their overall health,” says Dr. Bekker. “Gum disease, for instance, is not just about bad breath or bleeding gums – it can be linked to diabetes complications. It is important to note that gum disease doesn’t cause diabetes on its own, but it can aggravate it. And, uncontrolled diabetes can fuel periodontal problems,” he adds.Research indicates that gum disease can double or even triple the risk of cardiovascular conditions, while individuals with diabetes and poor oral health often struggle with blood sugar control. In South Africa, where nearly 4.5 million people live with diabetes, improving oral hygiene could significantly impact overall health. Respiratory illnesses, a leading cause of hospitalisations in the country, can also worsen when harmful bacteria from infected gums enter the lungs. The psychological effects of poor oral health are equally concerning: individuals suffering from tooth loss and decay are at a 33% higher risk of developing mental health disorders.The microbiome-disease linkThe connection between oral health and gut health is another area of growing concern. The mouth and gut play essential roles in digestion, immunity, and overall wellness. Poor oral hygiene can disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to systemic inflammation, digestive disorders, and chronic diseases. Harmful bacteria from the mouth, particularly in cases of gum disease, can travel through the bloodstream and settle in the gut. This could trigger inflammation linked to conditions such as Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and leaky gut syndrome.The current consensus is that there is a link (often called the oral-gut microbial axis). There is ongoing research exploring how significant this link is for human disease. This field is relatively new and ever-expanding our understanding of it. “The bacteria in your mouth don’t just stay there,” explains Dr. Bekker. “If you have gum disease, those harmful bacteria can enter your digestive system, causing an imbalance in the gut microbiome. This can contribute to a range of problems, from bloating and poor digestion to serious inflammatory diseases.”The digestive process starts in the mouth, and issues such as tooth decay, gum disease, or missing teeth can hinder proper chewing, affecting digestion and nutrient absorption. Poor chewing habits have been linked to acid reflux, bloating, and slow gut motility. Some harmful oral bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, have even been associated with colon cancer and inflammatory gut disorders.READ MORE: Manual vs Electric Toothbrushes: Which Is Better?The conditions associated with poor oral hygiene“It is important to note all these conditions work bidirectionally and may not be the causative agent but part of a larger process in the human body,” explains Dr Bekker. Translation: if you neglect your oral hygiene, you can be at risk of these disease processes. And if you have these disease processes, then your oral health can suffer.Heart DiseasePoor oral hygiene, particularly gum disease (periodontitis), has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease. The inflammation caused by gum disease can contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, raising the risk of heart attack and stroke.DiabetesGum disease can make it harder to control blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of developing or worsening diabetes. Likewise, individuals with diabetes are more prone to infections like gum disease, creating a cycle that can be difficult to break.Respiratory InfectionsPoor dental hygiene can lead to bad bacteria in the mouth. These could be inhaled into the lungs, potentially causing pneumonia or other respiratory infections. This is particularly a concern for those with compromised immune systems or underlying lung conditions.OsteoporosisOsteoporosis, a condition where bones become weak and brittle, can affect the jawbone, leading to tooth loss. Poor dental hygiene can exacerbate the effects of osteoporosis on oral health. This could lead to more severe bone loss in the jaw.Alzheimer’s DiseaseResearch has suggested that gum disease and the bacteria involved in periodontal disease may play a role in the development or progression of Alzheimer’s disease. The bacteria from the mouth may enter the bloodstream and potentially affect the brain.CancerPoor oral hygiene is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, including oral, throat, and pancreatic cancer. Chronic inflammation in the gums and the presence of harmful bacteria may contribute to these conditions.Gastrointestinal DisordersOral infections or untreated dental problems can lead to bacteria being swallowed. This could potentially cause stomach infections or other gastrointestinal issues. The bacteria can also reach the intestines and affect gut health.READ MORE: 7 Signs You’re At Risk For Gum Disease – And What To DoHow fast does oral health affect overall health?“The gut-mouth connection can take time to manifest in disease. The timeframe can vary depending on individual health, lifestyle, and oral hygiene and the extent of it,” says Dr Bekker. Generally, it can take months or even years for poor oral hygiene to affect the gut and lead to issues like digestive problems, inflammation, or infections. BUT! “The reverse is also true,” warns Dr Bekker. “Once affected, it can take a long time to resolve these issues and restore gut health, which in turn contributes to overall health and well-being.” For example, untreated gum disease can introduce harmful bacteria into the bloodstream. This can eventually impact the gut and lead to conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the exact time it takes for these issues to develop can differ from person to person. The key to preventing this connection from causing health issues is maintaining good oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing regularly, eating a balanced diet, and visiting your dentist regularly for check-ups. More

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      8 Things That Could Be Stealing Your Joy Right Now

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      You may not recognise it, but there are several biological imbalances and environmental factors that could create bad mood triggers, affecting your mood as an offshoot of something else that’s not quite right. Days like International Day of Happiness, celebrated annually on 20 March, serve to remind us that happiness is everyone’s birthright, something we should all be constantly striving towards. Read on and check if any of these ring alarm bells. Then start working slowly towards pouring into your happiness cup again.READ MORE: 10 Ways To Motivate Yourself To Hit the Gym After WorkBad mood trigger 1: Food IntoleranceFood intolerances are responsible for a wide range of physical conditions including nausea and abdominal pain, but they can also affect your mood, causing irritability, mood swings, lack of focus, aggression, nervousness or hyperactivity. If you suffer from regular mood swings, try keeping a food diary – noting what you eat as well as any changes in mood – to see if you can identify a link.Bad mood trigger 2: Your Home DecorIf you want to give your mood a boost, try changing your home decor as your surroundings can heavily influence your mood. While red can make some people feel irritable or hostile, yellow communicates happiness and blue aids relaxation, so try accessorising your home with colours that enhance your mood. Research has also suggested that hanging up soothing pictures – such as beautiful landscape paintings – can positively affect a person’s mood and reduce stress and anxiety.While many of us dream of getting a promotion in work, the reality may not be as rosy as you think. A study by researchers at the University of Warwick has found that rather than improving quality of life for workers, following job promotion employees suffered from increased mental strain and there was on average a 10 percent decrease in people’s mental health.Trigger 4: Your Bedside LampIf you regularly fall asleep reading or watching TV, this can have repercussions on your mood the next day. Research has shown that nighttime light can suppress the production of melatonin; a mood-regulating hormone which is only produced during darkness. So, try investing in some heavy curtains and make sure you turn off all lights at night to give yourself a happiness boost.READ MORE: 5 Beginner Yoga Poses To Help You Sleep BetterTrigger 5: Nutrient DeficienciesWhile depression can be caused by a number of things, symptoms can be worsened or improved by your diet. Deficiencies in vitamin D, the B vitamins (particularly B6, B12 and folate) and omega-3 fatty acids can all lead to feelings of depression and anxiety. Try introducing more foods rich in these nutrients into your diet to see if symptoms improve.Trigger 6: Your FriendsYou might think that spending time with your friends is a great mood booster; however, that could all depend on their mood. Research has found that emotions – both positive and negative – are contagious and easily passed from person to person, often without you being aware of it. Furthermore, you don’t even need to see your friends to catch their mood, as a study suggests that the emotions of Facebook users directly affect the emotions of their friends for up to three days.Trigger 7: Late NightsMany of us are aware that lack of sleep can contribute to a low mood; however, research suggests that when you go to sleep could be almost as important as how much sleep you get. According to a study published in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, night owls are almost three times as likely as early birds to experience severe symptoms of depression, so try getting some early nights to boost your mood.Trigger 8: The PillA study by researchers from Monash University has found that women who take birth control pills are twice as likely to be depressed as those who don’t. For some, certain birth control pills can also lead to mood swings, increased anger and loss of libido. If you think that your mood has changed for the worse since you began taking the pill, visit your GP to discuss the alternatives.READ MORE: 4 Science-Backed Ways To Love Yourself – And Why You ShouldThings That Are Making Team WH Happy Right NowThe team shares the little things that bring them joy amidst the pressures of the rat race!

      Kelleigh Korevaar, Managing Editor

      Nothing is better than the endorphin rush after completing a fitness event or race. I never thought I would buy into the hype but now that I’ve started I’m always looking for a new challenge and it’s bringing me so much joy (and motivation to work out). Next up: HYROX in Cape Town in July!

      Pia Hammond, Creative Director

      Getting away from the insanity that is Cape Town City Bowl and running into the bush with my tent, dog and husband in tow. That is what rejuvenates me and resets all the stress.

      Kemong Mopedi, Deputy Editor

      My literary love Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie released her fourth novel, titled Dream Count, in early March. I’m literally in reading heaven – do not disturb!

      Michelle October, Features Editor

      My dog Moomoo brings me joy every day. Whether she’s making a new human fall in love with her or making a bee-line for seaweed on the beach, there’s always something to smile about when she’s around. 

      Chamain van Zyl, Digital Editor

      Hands down, nothing beats being outdoors! Whether it’s a solo walk, cycling, running, yoga, chasing my kids, or snapping a thousand pics of wildflowers – fresh air is a must for me. A creature of habit? Absolutely. But science agrees – nature nurtures. More

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      5 Quotes About Confidence From Bontle Modiselle

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      It wasn’t until 2024 that Bontle Modiselle found a fitting term that sums up what she does for a living – hence the title multi-disciplinary Artist. The choreographer, dancer, dance instructor, TV host, MC, musician and actress kicked off her dance career at 15, a passion she attributes to legendary 90s kwaito group Boom Shaka. “I was around age six when Boom Shaka was all the rage and my late dad recorded the music video to their hit single It’s About Time on videotape,” she recalls. Little Bontle would reenact and perfect the moves so well that she became the trusted entertainer at family gatherings. Then, throughout primary school, ballet and rhythmic gymnastics helped set the path for her future career. Fast forward to 29 years later…Bontle’s commanded many local and international stages, as well as judged many dance competitions – all this while mastering the art of performative confidence. Below, we gleaned some insights from our March/April 2025 Breakthrough interview with the mom-of-one. Prepare to be inspired!READ MORE: 30 Life-Changing Books To Help You Become Healthier, Wealthier, Happier & More In 2025Confidence Cannot Be Worn“I grew up looking and sounding confident. But what most people didn’t know was that my confidence was performative. Growing up, most parents would innocently bark an order such as: ‘Don’t go out into the world looking like that or don’t ever look like your problems!’ This instilled a sense of, ‘I can always wear confidence and that it should always be tied to external validation’ — something that stripped away my sense of autonomy. And with no sense of autonomy, I could form my own opinions without first wanting to get them approved. Over time, I’ve had to trust that my opinion is exactly that — mine. I owe no one an explanation.”You Don’t Always Have To Check In“For instance, before, whenever my husband would ask me a question, I’d always check in and want to know his answer so I could phrase mine to be as close to his as possible. That was the people-pleaser in me!” But now – even though it took a while – Bontle’s confidence is not defined by how she looks. In fact, she couldn’t care less about physical traits! “Now, my confidence is intertwined in my self-acceptance, self-awareness and being honest about where I am and how I feel!”READ MORE: Jeannie D Shares Her Fitness Goals For 2025 (Plus, A Meal You’ll Want To Try)The Happier Side Of Life“My basis of confidence is different. It’s me going through a lot, yet still not seeking external validation. In interviews as a TV host, whenever someone would ask me what kind of content I enjoyed watching, I would cower and want to mention something profound when the truth of the matter is that I love trash TV and game shows — the type that helps me switch my brain off and do very little thinking after a long day. And if that makes me shallow in someone’s eyes, that’s okay, too!”I Am Not My HairBontle rocked her trademark dreadlocks for 15 years before waking up one morning and deciding to chop them off in April 2023. This, despite a nagging fear that they were a great part of her identity. Greatest lesson? “I am not, and was never my hair! Locs are currently a part of my identity, my hair always has been. People may receive a different message from the one I intend to send but either way, my hair will always say something. Right now my hairstyles scream “I AM FREE!”. Free of lengthy washing and frequent styling sessions. Free of failed twist outs and free to let my hair be. Unless I personally want a style change, I do not think I will be wearing a wig anytime soon.”READ MORE: 18 Books That Will Get You Out Of A Deep Reading SlumpI Don’t Always Have To Be Everyone’s Friend“After winning a beauty pageant in primary school which came with a big hamper of sweet delicacies, I found myself with nearly half the school wanting to be friends with. I was a reserved child who only came alive during ballet. Naive, I shared my goodies with all the kids who lined up feigning interest in me. By Monday, all those kids were gone and pretended like they didn’t know me. Shattered and embarrassed, I went back to my shell. Since then, friendship became a weird concept for me. It also became about people sticking around only when they needed something from you. Over time, I had to learn to trust in the magic of friendship again. And I could only do that once I started believing that I was worthy of healthy friendships and not basing friendships on what I could give — but be open to receiving too!”Check out Bontle Modiselle’s Breakthrough interview in the March/April 2025 issue of Women’s Health. On shelves NOW! More

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      How To Pick The Best Bed For Better Sleep, According To Experts

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      We live in a world where the number of personal priorities make for a 25-hour day, every day. And in those hours, sleep is the last priority, always something earned after ticking off every to-do list item. But for women, prioritising quality sleep is not just a luxury – it’s a necessity for maintaining physical health, mental well-being, and hormonal balance. Here’s why sleep matters and how you can pick the best bed for better sleep.We’re in a global sleep crisisNo cap – our sleep is getting so bad, experts are wondering if it’s the next global epidemic. Findings from a 2012 WHO study, which sampled data from over 40 000 adults across eight countries (including South Africa), found alarming statistics. Regardless of the country, 16% of participants reported severe sleep problems – with a markedly higher prevalence among older women. In South Africa, the average adult gets only six to six and a half hours of naptime – well below the recommended seven to nine hours.To make things more nightmarish, our commitment to ruining the planet is keeping us up – literally. According to a 2022 study, rising temps delay sleep, meaning less time in la-la land. That’s most likely because in order to drift off, the human body needs to cool down. Interestingly, the study notes that people in low-income countries, women and people in already hot areas are disproportionately impacted. Other factors affecting dreamtime include work stress and sleep poverty (lower sleep quality because of living conditions like noise pollution or uncomfortable beds).Why sleep is specifically necessary for womenThis might keep you up: because sleep is a fundamental health process for the body, a low-quality slumber results in worse health outcomes, ranging from chronic diseases to cancer. It’s linked to mental health conditions, cardio diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity. For women, those eight hours are vital to regulating hormones that are important for the menstrual cycle and fertility. Research shows that poor sleep lowers these hormone levels, leading to irregular periods and reduced fertility. Additionally, elevated cortisol levels caused by sleep deprivation can interfere with reproductive hormones, further impacting ovulation and egg quality.For menopausal people, bad sleep can make menopause symptoms worse, exacerbating hot flashes, night sweats and mood swings. Quality rest helps stabilise these hormonal fluctuations and improves emotional resilience during this life stage.On the other hand, a good night’s rest has snowball effects on health. Studies show that well-rested individuals are more likely to have better relationships, improved concentration, and greater emotional stability.READ MORE: If Your Mattress Sucks, You Might Want To Try Pressure Mapping For Better SleepHow to pick the best bedOne way to get better sleep? Pick the best bed – it’s a key factor in influencing quality sleep. According to Dale Harley, Marketing Executive at Restonic SA, taking good care of your bed can prolong the lifespan of your mattress, improve your sleep quality and prevent health issues. A sure sign that it’s time to break up with your bed? It’s been seven to 10 years, the mattress is sagging or you’re getting better sleep on a different bed. Harley shares tips on picking the best bed for your bod:Pick the right mattressAre you sleeping alone? With someone else? Considering their needs will influence your purchase decision. You may want to find a customisable bed, which can be adjusted to fit individual needs.According to your sleep style, you might need a different mattress:Side Sleepers: Plush mattresses provide cushioning for hips and shoulders while maintaining spinal alignment.

      Stomach Sleepers: Firmer mattresses prevent sinking that could strain the neck or back.

      Couples or Light Sleepers: Pocket spring mattresses minimize motion transfer for undisturbed restGo in-storeThe one time online shopping won’t cut it. Go with comfy clothes (and not too sleepy, says Harley – every bed is great when you’re sleepy).READ MORE: Here’s Exactly How To Become A Legit Morning PersonCheck if it fitsA trick from Harley: To check the “fit” of the bed, lie on your back and slide your hand into the hollow at the bottom of it. If it slides in too easily, the bed might be too hard. If you struggle to fit your hand in, the bed may be too soft. You’re looking for just a slight resistance.Ask your doc“If you have any health issues that affect your sleep, it’s worth speaking to your doctor or physiotherapist to get their input before selecting a bed,” says Harley.READ MORE: The Proven Health Benefits Of Getting OutdoorsGet the best sleep with these mattress maintenance tipsHarley recommends the following practices to keep your mattress in tip-top condition:Use a waterproof mattress protector. This creates a physical barrier that helps prevent dust mites and allergens from penetrating the mattress. A quality mattress protector will help to shield your mattress from stains and spills too. “Mattress protectors also make it difficult for bed bugs to access and hide within the mattress,” says Harley. “They can also prevent sweat, body oils, and dead skin cells from seeping into your mattress.”

      Rotate your mattress once a month, promoting even wear and tear and reducing sagging. Some mattresses need flipping vertically as well as horizontally. If you have a no-turn mattress, you should only turn it horizontally (i.e. keep the same surface facing up and just pivot the mattress on the bed base).

      Keep it clean. Regularly vacuum your mattress to remove dust, dirt, and allergens. Spot-clean the mattress with mild detergent and water.

      Air it out. Occasionally remove your bedding and allow your mattress to air.

      Avoid jumping on the bed, which can damage internal components.

      Handle it with care. When moving the mattress, do not lift it by pulling the tape edging. It’s preferable to have two people work together to move the mattress carefully. More

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      “How I Healed My Debilitating Gut Issues Using Food”

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      At 53 years old, HR practitioner turned nutrition and wellness expert Taaliah Weber has a powerful story of how she healed her gut issues. It now drives her mission to help others overcome chronic health challenges.How Taaliah’s Gut Issues BeganIn her early 30’s (in the early 00’s), Taaliah gave birth via Cesarean section. It’s the point at which, from her, the digestive issues began. “There were all sorts of things happening,” she recalls. “I went through a very traumatic divorce. I was a single mom, and then also not taking care of yourself, not eating properly.” She swung constantly between diarrhoea and constipation and felt her productivity at work and her ability to function hampered – something she described as “very debilitating”.  “I’d wake up in the morning with flat abs, but it had a lot to do with the fact that I was scared to eat, because every time I did, my stomach would balloon so I looked six months pregnant,” Taaliah explains. For months, she struggled: “I obviously tried the over-the-counter stuff, the antacids… Eventually, I realised it wasn’t working.”READ MORE: What To Do If A Leaky Bladder Is Ruining Your WorkoutsThe DiagnosisEventually, Taaliah went to see a GP, who referred her to a gastro surgeon. In order to investigate her issue, Taaliah underwent a gastroscopy. “It was very scary,” she recalls. “They take you into the [operating] theatre. They anaesthetise you and push pipes all the way down your throat; it’s terrible but you can see what’s actually happening inside.” From there, a sample was taken from her colon and she realised she wasn’t dealing with a case of IBS but also a hiatal hernia, which meant part of her stomach was pushing through the diaphragm, creating an oesophageal perforation – a three-centimetre tear in her oesophagus. It caused immense pain, acid reflux and of course, IBS.Her surgeon advised against surgery; explaining that lifestyle changes could ease the inflammation. Added to that, even after surgery, there was a chance her hernia could tear her oesophagus again in the future; it could also be torn through physical exertion. Instead, he referred her to a dietician and prescribed medication to clear up any inflammation in her gut. Taaliah was assigned a meal plan and told what to avoid and what to eat instead. “It wasn’t working. I was still in pain,” she says.READ MORE: Is There Anything You Can Eat To Make Your Vagina Smell Good + More Sexual Health Questions AnsweredHer Journey Into Self-educationUnhappy with both the medication and the meal plan, Taaliah opted to take it upon herself to investigate the issue. “I decided to do research and really delve deeper into the foods I was eating and how these were affecting my body,” she says, adding that it was a maze-like endeavour, given the tangle of misinformation online, even in the early 2000’s. “It was my desperation and determination to heal my body that led me to delve deeper into research,” she says. As part of her investigation, Taaliah kept a food journal while simplifying her diet to see which foods triggered pain. What she found? Otherwise healthy foods she’d been eating were not working for her. “It was a simple thing like broccoli; [I wasn’t] associating that with causing gas and being too much fibre, which my body is struggling to digest,” she says.As a result, Taaliah cut out cruciferous veg and legumes, like kale, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, beans and corn. Instead, she opted for veggies like pumpkin, butternut and baby marrows. “Those were easier to digest and didn’t cause bloating,” she says. Gluten was also axed, replaced with rice and wheat-free carbs. She also realised some flavourings were triggering: paprika, black pepper or garlic.While on this journey, Taaliah battled with eating out and making food decisions, all of which became frustrating to navigate. “There was a day that I sat down and actually just cried,” she reflects. “I felt like my life was over, because I had to make all these changes. And it was just so overwhelming, because I loved my food, and I never needed to worry about what I was eating before. And now I had to do this process of elimination and start eating differently.” Having said that, things slowly became better. She didn’t feel bloated, and wasn’t in pain after every meal – “that made it worth it,” she adds.READ MORE: Why Is It So Hard To Quit Vaping? (+ The Exact Steps, Per Experts)Healed Gut, Inspiring MindNot only did Taaliah’s gut health improve, but she also discovered a new passion for nutrition and wellness. Driven by her personal experience, she studied specialised nutrition while continuing her HR career. “The two have merged together so well, because I help a lot of people at our company,” she says, adding that part of her offering is wellness programs for companies. Her business now focuses on helping others reverse chronic illnesses through personalised nutrition plans. She works with clients struggling with various health issues, from weight loss to managing conditions like type 2 diabetes.Today, she speaks at health conferences, conducts wellness programs, and uses platforms like Instagram and LinkedIn to spread her message. Her goal is simple: to provide hope and practical support to those struggling with health challenges, proving that with the right information and support, healing is possible. What she’s all about, Taaliah maintains, is “giving hope to people, helping and supporting people and equipping them with the right tools to be able to become the best that they can be,” she says. “And health is very much a part of that, because it impacts every area of our lives.”Taaliah’s company, Gymdols, is accessible on her Instagram here.   More

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      How To Fix Constipation

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      Blocked. Delayed. Backed-up. Struggling to go number two. Constipation. Whatever you call it (or not) it’s a very embarrassing topic. Despite that, it’s something more of us suffer with than you might think. It’s an uncomfortable and frustrating experience that many people face at some point in their lives. In fact, studies show that women are more likely to get constipated than men. (Mmmkay 😒 )Understanding constipation is the first step toward finding relief. If you haven’t yet spoken with a medical professional about your poop problems, this guide will break down everything you need to know about understanding and managing constipation.What Is Constipation?ICYDK, constipation occurs when bowel movements become infrequent or difficult to pass, often leading to discomfort and bloating. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including a diet low in fibre, inadequate water intake, lack of physical activity and certain medications. Other causes include changes in routine, such as travel, stress and ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement. In some cases, underlying medical conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), hypothyroidism, or neurological disorders can also contribute to constipation. What Causes Constipation?Several factors can contribute to constipation, including:Dietary Choices: A diet low in fibre and high in processed foods can lead to hard, dry stools that are difficult to pass. Fibre helps to bulk up stool and promote regular bowel movements.

      Hydration: Inadequate water intake can result in dehydration, making stool harder and more challenging to pass. Proper hydration is essential for softening stool and promoting regularity.

      Physical Inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle can slow down the digestive system. Regular physical activity helps stimulate intestinal function and promotes regular bowel movements.

      Medications: Certain medications, such as painkillers (especially opioids), antacids, and some antidepressants, can cause constipation as a side effect.

      Medical Conditions: Conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), hypothyroidism, and diabetes can contribute to constipation. Additionally, neurological disorders that affect the colon and rectum can also cause issues.

      Lifestyle Factors: Ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement, stress, and changes in routine (such as travel) can disrupt normal bowel habits and lead to constipation.

      Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and the pressure of the growing uterus on the intestines can slow down the digestive process, leading to constipation.Am I Constipated?In 1997, a diagnostic tool was created to help classify stools into seven categories. The Bristol Stool Form Scale characterises stool based on its consistency; and this can help identify if it is a healthy bowel movement.Experts consider types 1 and 2 to be uncharacteristically hard and indicative of constipation, while types 6 and 7 are unusually loose and may indicate diarrhoea. Healthcare professionals generally consider types 3, 4, and 5 to be the most typical.How To Relieve Constipation Integrating simple lifestyle changes can make a significant difference in managing constipation.HydrateStart by increasing your daily water intake. Hydration is crucial for keeping stools soft and easy to pass.Exercise Regular physical activity is also essential. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week. Whether it’s brisk walking, yoga, or cycling, movement stimulates digestion.Manage stressThrough relaxation techniques such as meditation or deep breathing exercises. Stress can disrupt bodily functions, including digestion.Avoid junk foodExcessive consumption of processed foods high in sugar and fat; they can contribute to sluggishness in your gut. Focus on whole grains and fresh fruits instead for better digestive health.READ MORE: 10 Dietician-Approved Lifestyle Changes That’ll Curb Those Uncomfortable IBS SymptomsThe Best Products That Help You PoopCOOL STOOL

      100% raw, high-fibre, and super seed mix is a nutritionally diverse daily supplement that enhances natural bowel movements.

      ARTICHOKES

      Packed with fibre and antioxidants, these nutrient-dense veggies help keep your digestive system happy.

      BANANAS

      Packed with soluble fibre (3.1g), a medium-sized one can help regulate digestion and keep you regular.

      BERRIES

      Say goodbye to discomfort and hello to relief! Here, your weapon against constipation, they’re packed with fibre.

      PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS

       Probiotics introduce good bacteria that keep your digestive system in harmony, while prebiotics nourish those good guys.

      OATS

      Packed with soluble fibre, they not only promote regularity but also keep you feeling full and energised. 

      READ MORE: 8 Natural Foods That Actually Work To Relieve Constipation More

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      Why It’s Important To Talk About Your Periods + How To Do It

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      For many – if not most – people with ovaries, the first period is unexpected, painful and secretive. Without anything being said, we are silently taught to not talk about periods, despite it being a natural part of the menstrual cycle. But sweeping the issue under the rug can have negative impacts. “As sociological studies demonstrate, menstrual stigma is rooted in ideologies that construct menstruating women as leaking, unhygienic and irrational. Such discourses are indicative of a societal imperative to ensure that menstrual blood remains concealed,” explains one study in Social Semiotics. No longer, we say! So, read on – and take this as your cue to talk about your periods more.Talking about your periods is effectiveOne brand pushing to take periods out of its shame era is Kotex, which partnered with experts, thought leaders, South Africa’s Department of Basic Education, and some of the country’s most popular influencers to spread a message of hope and empowerment around the menstrual cycle. This formed part of their contribution to 2024 Women’s Month. As part of their campaign, they visited schools to educate young people about periods, dispelling myths, addressing period stigmas and sharing practical tips.It’s deeply necessary in a country where 43% of people with periods admitted to experiencing stigmatization and shame attached to menstruation, which is more prevalent among those aged 18 and younger, according to Kotex’s latest survey. In an effort to break the stigma and bring menstrual issues to the fore, more and more influencers are jumping on board to share their insights. On TikTok, the tag #periods has over 100 000 posts, with hundreds of relating tags, from #periodstories to #periodhacks. It’s encouraging to see the conversation, especially with the knowledge that over half of Gen Z use TikTok and Instagram to search for answers to a question – instead of consulting Google.“Efforts like these [to talk about periods] are crucial to the ongoing encouragement and support of young girls and women to be the best versions of themselves, no matter what time of the month it is,” asserts medical professional and health advocate Dr Nosipho Danielle Mhlanga.READ MORE: Got Two Periods In One Month? These Are All Of The Possible Reasons WhySpeaking more ushers in changeAnother way it’s effective is that it can create real change. For example, in 2018, armed with the knowledge that many people with periods in South Africa struggle to afford sanitary products, Kotex and its industry peers took to lobbying government to remove the VAT charge for sanitary pads. It worked: sanitary pads have since been declared zero-rated or VAT-exempt.Similarly, we need talks like this to grow even further so that more research is put into menstruation that can help those who have a cycle. Case in point: only this year did a study confirm that period products’ absorbency claims are misleading since the products are tested with salt water – not actual blood.The implications of the study results are far more wide-reaching than buying the incorrect tampons: per researchers, it means that doctors may be underdiagnosing heavy menstrual bleeding, a factor that signals larger health conditions.Simply put, the more we discuss our experiences – good or bad – the more we are able to ask for change. Here, experts dish how to broach the subject when it feels awkward.Expert tips to help talk about periodsAs a mother, normalise the conversationHaving your first period can be a daunting, confusing experience. By reassuring your child, they can start to feel comfortable with their evolving body. “Emphasize that menstruation is something that happens to all women and is a sign of a healthy body,” says Dr Esther Rockson, an OB/GYN based in Midrand. “You could say, ‘Periods are a normal part of being a woman. It’s just your body working as it should.’”And, says Naznin Bhom, pharmacist academic intern at Zoie Health, steer clear of euphemisms or negative connotations. Avoid phrases that carry an implication of shame, such as ‘a dirty secret’ or ‘that time of the month’,” she says. “Instead, frame menstruation as a sign of maturity and an important aspect of health. By encouraging open dialogue and providing reassurance, you can help girls feel empowered rather than embarrassed. After all, periods are a natural part of life, and there is absolutely nothing to be ashamed of.”Lastly, encourage questions, says Dr Rockson. “Let her know that she can ask you anything and that there’s no such thing as a silly question. This openness helps remove any sense of embarrassment,” she adds.READ MORE: These Unusual PMS Symptom Treatments Actually Work – Minus PainkillersHow to talk about periods at workPainful periods or the extreme fatigue that it can often come with make work difficult to complete, much less explain to a superior. Dr Rockson recommends preparing in advance, choosing the right time and setting (like a one-on-one meeting) and keeping things solution-focused. Bhom recommends this line: “‘I sometimes experience painful periods that can affect my focus. I’d appreciate any flexibility during that time.’ This opens up a dialogue and demonstrates your professionalism while prioritising your health,” she adds.  Per Dr Rockson, avoid over-explaining yourself or apologising. “You deserve to take care of your health and being honest about it shouldn’t require excessive apologies,” she says.How to broach the subject with your docTo make things crystal-clear to your doctor that you need help (beyond an offer of contraception), come with a few things in your arsenal. Dr Rockson suggests keeping a “detailed record of your periods, symptoms, and their severity. Note things like the frequency of your periods, pain levels (e.g., cramps, headaches, etc.), flow (light, heavy), and how it affects your daily life (e.g., missing work, inability to exercise). Having this data can make your concerns more concrete,” she says.Next, she recommends asking targeting questions, like “Is it normal to experience this much pain?” or “Could this be a sign of something like endometriosis?”.“Use clear, straightforward language,” says Bhom. “Like, ‘I’ve been experiencing severe cramps and irregular cycles.’ If you feel dismissed or gaslit, don’t hesitate to seek a second opinion. You deserve compassionate and thorough care, and advocating for yourself is key!”Be louder about period stigma everywhere else“To cultivate a culture that doesn’t normalise severe period pain, begin by sharing your experiences honestly and encouraging others to do the same,” says Bhom. “Foster conversations about menstrual health without stigma, promoting the idea that seeking help for period problems is not only acceptable but essential.”For Dr Rockson, part of changing the narrative involves challenging myths and stigmas. “If you hear people downplaying period pain or dismissing the need to see a doctor, gently correct them,” she says. Similarly, if someone brings up their struggle with periods, acknowledge their struggle. Lastly, Dr Rockson says it’s important to support period-friendly work and school policies.  “In workplace or educational settings, support policies that make it easier for people to manage their periods without shame or hardship. This could include things like providing paid sick leave for menstrual pain or ensuring easy access to menstrual products,” she says.READ MORE: 4 Most Common Questions Women Ask About Their Sexual Health More

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      Here’s Exactly How To Become A Legit Morning Person

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      For some of us, sticking to a 10.30 pm bedtime is impossible. And jumping out of bed at the first sound of the alarm? LOL.Sound familiar? Welcome to the Night Owl Club. “It used to be believed that it was just your lifestyle [that determined whether you were a lark or a night owl],” says professor David Earnest. “What was discovered 15 to 20 years ago was there is a biological basis for people who are early birds and people who are night owls.”Our internal circadian clocks are to blame. In fact, researchers have found a genetic difference between those who wake up early and those who don’t, explains Earnest. “Presumably, the situation with night owls is the same,” he says.The good news is, most of us grow out of it around the time we swap late-night college parties for the morning meetings that come with adulthood. “The majority of us fall someplace in the okay range, where we’re not either of the extreme prototypes,” says Rebecca Spencer, associate professor of neuroscience at University of Massachusetts Amherst.But let’s say you don’t grow out of it, and you seriously struggle to make it to work on time – let alone to a 6am indoor cycling class. You’re not alone if you feel like you’re being pulled in two different directions. “Our internal body clocks are trying to tell us one thing, but then we have these societal factors that don’t allow us to do what our bodies are naturally telling us to do,” says Earnest.If there’s no chance your boss will ease up on your start time, there’s only one thing left to do: try to become more like a morning person. “Can you really shift from being an owl to a lark?” says Spencer. “Not at all. But if you’re not an extreme owl and want to be a little more lark-like, I think that’s where you have some flexibility.”Start by trying to shift your internal clock by an hour or so, suggests Spencer. Here’s how…Lower Your Body Temperature at Night“To fall asleep and get into deep sleep, you have to reach your daytime low body temperature,” says Spencer. To get there, move your workout to earlier in the day so it doesn’t interfere with bedtime, limit hot showers at night and drop the temp in your house by a few degrees, she says. The cosy duvet on your bed will be calling your name in no time.Limit Your Night-Time Exposure To LightYour internal clock is controlled by light. “Whether it’s TVs or screens, all of those devices that shine light at our eyes are ‘awake-promoting’ and not ‘sleep-promoting,’” says Spencer. Help your clock start to shift naturally by cutting your exposure an hour before bedtime. Not ready to kick your series-in-bed habit? Turning your iPad light to low could help you catch Zzz’s more quickly after the credits roll.Resist StimuliYou don’t need to shut yourself off from the outside world, but it’s a good habit to stay calm as it gets late. That means avoiding stressful work emails if they can wait until the morning, horror movies and intense novels that keep your mind spinning. “All of those things just cause mental stimulation that you need to have turned off well enough before bedtime,” says Spencer. Sorry, Dream Count. You’re strictly a commute-only read.READ MORE: Here’s How To Actually Do A Digital Detox, According To ExpertsReach For Melatonin As A Last ResortIn the beginning of your efforts to become a morning person, a dose of melatonin can help. “Taking it a little before you want to start falling asleep helps give you a little extra boost to feel sleepy,” says Spencer. Once you’re stable, lay off, though. Eventually, you want to rely on your body’s natural melatonin production rather than the pill form.READ MORE: The Greatest Sleepytime Products That’ll Take You To La-La Land, STATWake Up To Morning LightGetting to sleep is only half the battle. “Helping yourself wake up is just as important as helping yourself fall asleep,” says Spencer. Immediately open your curtains or head outside to catch some early rays. As a bonus, early to rise likely means early to bed that night. “If you’re able to alert yourself and wake up at an earlier hour, you’re going to be more prepared to go to bed at an earlier time,” says Spencer. And that means you’ll be even closer to tricking your internal clock into its new pattern.Stick With ItWaking up early today doesn’t mean you’ll magically be a cheerful morning person tomorrow. It takes time – possibly up to a month – to switch your natural habits, says Spencer. Yes, you can groan now.Looking for more info on sleep? Here’s how creatine can boost your brain after a bad night’s sleep, plus seven hacks to fall asleep faster. More

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      What To Do If A Leaky Bladder Is Ruining Your Workouts

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      Getting in your stride during a workout is a great “I Am Woman, Hear Me Roar!” feeling. But a leaky bladder, known as urinary incontinence, can ruin your flow by sending you to the bathroom every two minutes. If this sounds like you, read on about incontinence and how to tighten the lid on a leaky bladder.What is a leaky bladder during workouts?You’ll likely experience this if you jump, lift heavy or even sneeze – and you accidentally pee yourself. This leaky bladder during workouts, formally known as urinary incontinence (UI), is “the involuntary leakage of urine”, says Dr Julius Jacobs, a Pretoria-based urologist. “Urinary incontinence occurs when the muscles and nerves that control the bladder fail to work properly, leading to accidental urine leakage.”It exists on a spectrum, which includes just a few drops or the complete inability to control your bladder.  There are also different types of UI:Stress incontinence: A leaky bladder when pressure is put on it (i.e., you bracing your core during a heavy lift or coughing). “It is often linked to weakened pelvic floor muscles [like] after childbirth or surgery.”Urge incontinence: Also known as an overactive bladder, this type involves a sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by involuntary leakage. It is caused by overactivity of the bladder muscles and may occur frequently, even during the night.Overflow incontinence: This happens when the bladder does not empty completely, leading to dribbling or constant leakage. It can result from nerve damage, blockages, or weak bladder muscles (your pelvic floor muscles are separate from these).Functional incontinence: A physical or mental impairment, such as arthritis or dementia, which prevents someone from reaching the bathroom in time.Mixed incontinence: This is a combination of two or more types, often stress and urge incontinence.READ MORE: Pelvic Floor Exercises: What Are They & How, When And Why Do You Need ThemWhy is a leaky bladder even happening?A number of factors influence the presence of urinary incontinence:Certain consumables: excessive caffeine, alcohol or even some meds can irritate the bladder, says Dr Jacobs. They may also increase urine production, meaning multiple bathroom trips.Medical conditions: Like functional incontinence, some conditions might impact UI. This includes diabetes, obesity, UTIs or neurological disorders, says Dr Jacobs.Ageing: With age, bladder capacity decreases, along with muscle tone, which increases the risk for a leaky bladder.  Pregnancy and childbirth: “The added weight during pregnancy and potential pelvic trauma from childbirth can weaken bladder control,” explains Dr Jacobs.READ MORE: 8 Pelvic Floor Exercises That Are Better Than KegelsTreatment options for urinary incontinenceIn some cases, you can improve UI yourself by following these tips:Reduce the alcohol or caffeine intake and time the consumption. (Try to drink less before a workout or when you’re sick; when you know your bladder is iffy.)

      Consider your weight. Research shows a correlation between having unhealthy excess fat and having UI. Per a paper in Obstetrics & Gynaecology, obesity is shown to be a strong risk factor for urinary incontinence. It’s thought that excess body weight increases the pressure on the abdomen and bladder, which in turn damages the nerves and muscles that create a healthy pelvis-bladder function. Studies have also shown that weight loss could reduce UI.  

      Do pelvic floor exercises. You knew this would feature in a story about a leaky bladder! It’s not only great for sex and overall health but is a very important factor in reducing UI. These include Kegel exercises and using weights, like Yoni eggs.

      Try bladder training. If you schedule your bathroom breaks and add in delay techniques, this could retrain your bladder, says Dr Jacobs.

      Wear pads. They’ll keep things dry.

      Get medical intervention. In cases where the above doesn’t work, it’s best to see a doctor for assistance.READ MORE: This 5-Move Pelvic Circuit Will Totally Change How Your Orgasm FeelsIs it time for a doctor?If things don’t improve, it’s worth checking in with a professional, like a urologist. This would include diagnostic tests, like urine analysis, imaging (ultrasounds or other imaging to assess bladder and urethra function) and specialised tests, like urodynamic testing to measure bladder pressure and function.What would medical treatments involve?Treatment would depend on the type and severity of incontinence, says Dr Jacobs. This might include medication to relax bladder muscles or address underlying conditions, medical devices or Botox (to calm overactive bladder muscles). It might also include surgery, in severe cases. More