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      What Is Moringa And What Are The Health Benefits?

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      With all the trendy superfoods and supplements available on the market today, it can be hard to keep up with what’s simply popular and what’s actually beneficial for your health. If you love following the latest in nutrition, chances are you’re familiar with moringa.

      Moringa oleifera is a plant that is native primarily to South Asia and Africa and is one of the fastest-growing trees in the world, says Kylene Bogden, RDN, CSSD, a co-founder of FWDfuel. This is partly because it is frost- and drought-resistant, which makes it incredibly durable. Also called the drumstick tree, moringa contains a solid nutrient profile of amino acids, vitamin C, potassium and calcium, per Bogden. As a supplement, moringa is often consumed in the form of powder, capsules and tea.

      Consuming this plant in its raw form can be especially good for you. The leaves contain quercetin, an antioxidant that can block your histamine response (which is responsible for triggering annoying allergy symptoms) and chlorogenic acid, which can help stabilize your blood sugar, Bogden explains.

      “One of the reasons moringa has become so popular, in addition to its vast nutrient profile, is because it provides a boost in energy without the negative side effects that can sometimes accompany caffeine intake,” she adds.

      That said, experts say that more research in humans is needed to know whether the moringa’s benefits are legit and whether it’s safe to take on a regular basis. Read on to learn about these potential benefits, as well as the risks of taking moringa and whether this supplement may be right for you.

      Meet the expert: Kylene Bogden, RDN, CSSD, specializes in sports nutrition and functional medicine. She is also board-certified in integrative and functional nutrition (IFNCP) through the Integrative and Functional Nutrition Academy. She has served as an expert source for various national media outlets. Plus, invited to speak at events across the country.

      What are the health benefits of taking moringa?

      Moringa may play a role in treating 80 diseases, according to one study. But it’s important to keep in mind that much of the evidence showing moringa’s benefits is cell and animal studies. That means it’s not clear yet whether the plant will do the same in humans. And more research is needed to establish the optimal dosage and identify any interactions between the active compounds in moringa.

      1. It protects against infections.

      Moringa has anti-infectious effects against pathogens and all parts of the plant can be made into treatment against bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites, according to a 2020 Frontiers in Pharmacology review. The leaves and seeds, in particular, show a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity than other parts of the moringa plant.

      2. It improves blood sugar control.

      Taking moringa may potentially help with controlling blood sugar if you have diabetes, per a 2020 Nutrients review of several animal studies. Researchers believe this is due to compounds such as isothiocyanates found in moringa. However, more research in humans is needed.

      3. It lowers cholesterol.

      Animal studies have shown that moringa may have similar cholesterol-lowering effects to other known effective plant sources, such as flaxseed and oats. This is due to its antioxidant content, which is tied to a lower risk of heart disease.

      4. It reduces blood pressure.

      Because it contains quercetin, an antioxidant, research suggests moringa may help to lower blood pressure.

      5. It gives you an energy boost.

      Research shows that moringa may be a good energy source, thanks to the wide range of nutrients it contains. This includes protein, iron and vitamin A, which are vital to maintaining optimal energy levels.

      6. It improves digestion.

      Moringa is also believed to aid in digestion. A study in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology shows that its fibrous pods may help treat digestive issues such as constipation and another showing that it may help prevent colon cancer.

      7. It helps with arthritis and joint pain.

      One animal study showed moringa extract may be helpful in decreasing symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, an inflammatory form of joint disease. This is because its leaf extract may help suppress pro-inflammatory molecules. More research in humans is still needed, though.

      8. It fights inflammation.

      Animal studies have shown that moringa leaves, pods and seeds contain anti-inflammatory compounds called isothiocyanates that are associated with a reduced risk of heart disease and cancer.

      It can also inhibit chronic inflammation in conditions such as asthma, ulcerative colitis and metabolic diseases, according to a 2020 review.

      Is it safe to take moringa every day?

      As long as it has been cleared by your doctor, it’s okay to take moringa every day, especially if it is in food form, such as by adding a few teaspoons of a moringa powder to a smoothie or sipping on tea made from its leaves, says Bogden.

      “Generally speaking, ideal dosing would be one to two cups of tea a day, or one teaspoon to one tablespoon of powder added to dishes like oatmeal and smoothies,” she says. “If capsule form is your preferred method, clinical studies suggest the benefits range from roughly 500 mg to 2 g daily.”

      Photo by Eva Bronzini on Pexels

      What are the side effects of moringa?

      As with any supplements, you’ll want to be aware of any potential side effects that may come with taking moringa. After all, supplements are not regulated by the FDA. You’ll definitely want to consult with your MD before taking any supplement, including moringa, Bogden notes.

      Not sure where to start? To choose a reputable supplement company, the first step would be to look for a GMP certification (that stands for Good Manufacturing Practice, FYI) on the label. As well as additional third-party testing, Bogden says. If you’re a competitive athlete, you’ll also want to make sure the supplement is NSF-certified for sport in order to avoid testing positive for banned substances.

      “While many do not experience any negative side effects, depending on dose or form taken, frequency consumed and medical history, for some, moringa may cause gastrointestinal upset, uterine cramping and low blood pressure, which can be dangerous for certain individuals,” Bogden says.

      Who should not take moringa?

      As with many foods, medications and supplements, there are certain groups who should avoid moringa. Those who are pregnant or breastfeeding should avoid consuming moringa, according to Bogden.

      Note that moringa can also interfere with medications that treat diabetes, high blood pressure and thyroid disease. So, talk to your doctor before taking moringa if you fall into any of those categories.

      The bottom line: While moringa shows promise in providing health benefits similar to those of other superfoods, research is still limited. Talk to your doctor before adding it to your wellness routine.

      This article was originally published on www.womenshealthmag.com by Emilia Benton. More

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      What Is Kefir? Kefir Nutrition, Benefits, And How To Use Kefir

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      Walking through the dairy aisle used to be simple. You just grabbed your carton of fruit-at-the-bottom yoghurt and low-fat milk and you went on your merry way.

      These days, though, the dairy aisle in specialist health stores is filled with all sorts of interesting options, from plant-based yoghurt to kefir. Not quite yoghurt and not quite milk, this fermented, probiotic-packed stuff has pretty much all of today’s hottest health buzzwords going for it.

      If you’ve seen it in the store and wondered WTF it was all about, you’re not alone. But don’t let kefir’s identity crisis stop you from trying it out: Dietitians say it can pack a serious punch in the nutrition department.

      In fact, kefir is “a great source of probiotics, which may help improve one’s digestive health,” says Keri Gans, a dietitian and author of The Small Change Diet. Plus, certain types of kefir can also be a great source of calcium, a must-have for healthy bones, too.

      If you have yet to give it a try (and need a break from your standard milk and yoghurt), here’s everything you need to know about the trending probiotic drink, plus why it’s worth adding to your diet.

      Hold on. What is kefir, exactly?

      Long story short, “kefir is a fermented milk product similar to yoghurt, but with a thin (rather than thick) texture,” explains dietitian Andy de Santis. “It contains a similar amount of protein as yoghurt, but offers more probiotic cultures.”

      Thanks to its drinkable consistency, Emily Kean, a nutritionist at Lifeway Foods (a brand that makes kefir in the States) calls it “the queen of probiotic drinks.”

      While your standard kefir is made from cow’s milk, it can be made from any type of milk or milk alternative — including plant-based milks, according to Gans. If you see “coconut kefir” on a product label, for example, that means it’s made with coconut milk.

      Another version, “water kefir,” meanwhile, is usually made with coconut water or fruit juice, Gans adds.

      So, kefir isn’t the same as yoghurt?

      Though people tend to call it “drinkable yoghurt,” that’s only kind of — not totally — accurate. “What sets it apart is its fermentation process, which is slightly different,” says Jessica Cording, author of The Little Book of Game-Changers: 50 Healthy Habits For Managing Stress & Anxiety.

      “Typically, yoghurt uses just bacteria for fermentation, while kefir uses both bacteria and yeast,” Gans explains. “The bacteria and yeast create cultures referred to as grains (no, they don’t contain gluten), which contain up to three times more probiotics than yoghurt.” Impressive, right?

      Is kefir healthy, then?

      As you can probably guess from its solid probiotic punch, it is totally healthy. Here’s what you can expect from one cup of plain, low-fat kefir (made from cow’s milk), according to the USDA:

      Calories: 102

      Total fat: 2 g

      Saturated fat: 0.66 g

      Carbohydrates: 11 g

      Fibre: 0 g

      Sugar: 11 g

      Protein: 9.5 g

      Opt for a cow’s milk-based kefir and you’ll get lots of calcium and vitamin D (30 and 25 percent of your daily needs, respectively). Plus, a bonus for anyone trying to get pregnant: Cow’s milk kefir is high in folate, which aids in warding off neural tube defects, too. Of course, just keep in mind that a coconut milk- or water-based kefir won’t boast the same nutrition stats as a kefir made from dairy.

      Kefir’s health benefits are pretty legit.

      Fermented foods like kefir command the spotlight because of their probiotics’ ability to help balance gut flora and regulate digestion. It won’t just help you become more regular, though. “Because of its probiotics, those suffering from irritable bowel disease or digestive distress from a course of antibiotics may experience relief after incorporating kefir,” says Santis.

      Thanks to kefir’s vitamin D, calcium, and folate content, it’s also good for your bones and your ability to have a healthy pregnancy, Cording adds.

      Luckily, if you’re like 25 percent of the American population with a reduced ability to digest lactose, take comfort in the fact that fermented dairy products might be easier to tolerate.

      Does kefir have any downsides?

      Like other dairy products, full-fat kefir does contain higher amounts of saturated fat, which the American Heart Association, recommends limiting to 16 grams (or 140 calories) per day in the average 2,000-calorie diet. (Though the topic is up for debate these days, experts have linked excess saturated fat consumption to heart disease.)

      And, while Kean recommends kefir for pretty much everyone, those with certain health conditions (like immune deficiencies) should avoid probiotics unless under a doctor’s supervision.

      Finally, as with anything you eat, just pay attention to serving sizes. “A lot of times a bottle of kefir contains four servings, not one,” she says.

      How to find yourself a quality kefir.

      When hunting for high-quality kefir to put in your cart, Kean recommends focusing on the following factors:

      Protein (the more, the better)

      Added sugar (though dairy products contain some natural sugars, avoid the added stuff as much as possible)

      Artificial ingredients (again, avoid!)

      Live active cultures (look for a product with at least one billion CFUs of probiotics per serving, preferably from a variety of strains)

      How to load up on kefir.

      Once you’ve got yourself a quality bottle of the good stuff, you can incorporate it into your eats in so many ways. De Santis recommends:

      Drinking it as a post-workout shake

      Adding it to your smoothies in place of your usual liquid or yoghurt

      Pouring it into whole-grain cereal or oatmeal (and sprinkling on some nuts) for a nutritionally-balanced breakfast

      Kean also swears by kefir in place of buttermilk or sour cream in all sorts of recipes. She also likes using it to add creaminess to dressings, dips, and soups.

      The bottom line: The exact nutrition you get from a kefir product depends on whether it’s made from dairy or a plant-based alternative. Either way, the smooth, fermented beverage is a great source of probiotics.

      This article was originally published on www.womenshealthmag.com More

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      5 Morning Routines That Actually Work, According To Science

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      If you’re on social media like the rest of the planet, you’ll know that morning routines are huge. Huuuuge. Pretty posts detailing mornings sipping specific green lattes, journalling, drinking water at specific times and more abound. But which of these routines are backed by science? We did the research to see the morning routines that’ll actually boost your day, leaving you refreshed and with other helpful benefits, too.

      Get sunlight ASAP

      Not only does getting a few minutes of uninterrupted sunshine boost your body’s production of vitamin D but it serves as a huge tool in boosting alertness. Since artificial light in our lives changes our natural circadian rhythm, causing us to be alert when we should feel sleepy, tuning into the natural rhythm of the sun has benefits. When you wake up, open the curtains, step outside and let the sunlight hit your face. This bright light therapy (BLT) can help with mood disorders like Seasonal Affective Disorder and can slow down the progressive cognitive decline in dementia, per one study. Another study found that people who took in sunlight within two hours of waking up were slimmer and better able to manage their weight than those who did not.

      Brush your teeth before breakfast

      You may not like the taste but the science might make you change your mind. When you sleep, plague – and the bacteria it causes – multiply in your mouth. Eating right after you wake up? That’s a whole lot of plague and bacteria you’re swallowing. Washing your mouth right after waking rinses out that icky bacteria and jump-starts saliva production, which helps break down the food you eat and kills the bad bacteria in your mouth.

      Get moving

      We know you hate to hear it but moving your body, even for a little while, can tip the needle in your favour for the rest of the day. Taking a walk, doing a light yoga flow or gentle stretches in bed can work. Plus, one study found that morning exercise reduces abdominal fat and blood pressure in women. If you’re up for it, try something heart-pumping. These offer the most benefits, since aerobic exercise is clutch at lifting the mood and clearing unwanted mental clutter. It also primes the body to burn fat all day long, provided you work out before breakfast.    

      Eat a breakfast

      If you like cereal, get that going (watch the sugars), but get some food in your system. Data from the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey found that among breakfast skippers, there were higher intakes of saturated fats and lower intakes of fibre and micronutrients. Another study found that among Brazilian breakfast eaters, there were higher intakes of vitamins B12, C and D. Also: a lower intake of sugars. People who skip breakfast were also found to have higher nutrient deficiencies than those who indulged. Breakfast isn’t just a nutritional powerhouse, either. Several large studies have found that there’s a strong correlation between eating breakfast and having a lowered risk of obesity and weight gain.

      Drink coffee, but not immediately

      Coffee’s main component is caffeine, which gives you those jittery energy vibes we’re all hooked on. But having a cup of coffee right after waking up might be a bad idea. That’s because, per research, your body’s production of cortisol is at one of its highest peaks during the first hour of waking. Messing with this alert hormone teaches your bod to produce less cortisol, meaning you naturally wake up feeling more sluggish than sharp. Even worse, you might develop a reliance on the brew. Keep your cuppa, but wait for an hour before downing it. More

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      What Is Insomnia, Exactly? And How Can We Get Better Sleep?

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      If sleep is a constant struggle for you (here’s looking at you, doom scrollers), welcome to the club. According to the sleep tracking app Sleep Cycle, South Africans get fewer hours in the hay than any other nation in the world. It also seems that the older you get, the worse your insomnia becomes. Per a 2012 study, people aged 65 and older have higher rates of insomnia.

      Meet The Expert: Dr Alison Bentley is a Restonic Sleep Expert

      So… What is insomnia?

      “It’s easiest to describe insomnia as a reduced quantity of sleep,” Dr Bentley says. “But, to be an insomniac, the reduction in hours of sleep has to cause some kind of problem with daytime function. This could range from poor concentration to memory problems, trouble focusing on tasks and fatigue.”

      She adds that apart from a drop in daytime function, insomnia can have many long-term effects on health, including cardiac issues and metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. This makes it important to address insomnia as soon as possible.

      What are the symptoms of insomnia?

      There are three main symptoms of insomnia, according to Dr Bentley.

       Trouble falling asleep

      Waking in the middle of the night and battling to go back to sleep

      Waking too early in the morning.

      Most people have more than one of these symptoms and a particular symptom does not necessarily link to a specific cause.

      There are different types of insomnia

      Insomnia is a class of disorders as there are multiple causes. Dr Bentley says the condition can also either be acute or chronic.

      Acute insomnia

      “Acute insomnia occurs when sleep is disrupted due to a specific stressor and in most people only lasts for as long as the stress does, after which it resolves and sleep becomes normal again,” she says.

      “The stress is often psychological. For example, someone might struggle with after the death of a loved one or during a period of intense work stress. It can, however, also be caused by a physical trigger, such as the development of a painful disorder, such as arthritis. Only a quarter of people with acute insomnia go on to suffer with chronic insomnia.”

      Chronic insomnia

      Got chronic insomnia? That’ll be the case if you’ve got sleep problems, from the above symptoms, lasting at least three days per week for at least three months. “At this point, it’s usually not stress causing the sleeplessness, but changes in the way we think of sleep (cognitive issues), as well as some bad habits (behavioural issues) that we adopt to try to get more sleep,” says Dr Bentley. “These mean we worry more about our sleep and spend longer in bed trying to get more sleep and both of these factors make our sleep problems worse.”

      Other types of insomnia

      If you’re dealing with depression, anxiety, chronic pain or obstructive sleep apnoea, you might also have insomnia. Various medications used to treat other medical disorders can also interfere with sleep, for example, medications that lower cholesterol and antiretrovirals for treating HIV infection, says Dr Bentley.

      Is your mattress the culprit?

      Sometimes, your mattress might be to blame. If you have a mattress that leaves you waking up with aches and pains, you might need to replace it. “Over time, the comfort layers in your mattress break down, which can cause pressure points when you sink onto the firmer support core,” says Dale Harley, Executive in Restonic Marketing.

      Dr Bentley adds that other signs that your mattress is affecting your sleep can include finding it difficult to get comfortable causing a longer sleep onset (time to fall asleep).

      “If you no longer wake up feeling refreshed, your mattress may be at the end of its life,” Harley says. “It’s worth exploring whether this is the case.”

      How do you know if you have insomnia?

      Sure, you’re not clocking eight solid hours every night, but does that mean you’re an insomniac? Not necessarily, says Dr Bentley. “The number of hours usually quoted as constituting ‘normal sleep’ is seven to eight hours a night. However, this is not quite true,” says Dr Bentley. “Yes, seven to eight hours is the average amount of sleep for a population. But there are many people who need more than that and some who need less.”

      Treatments for insomnia

      Treatment for insomnia can include CBT, or cognitive behavioural therapy, as well as medication. You’d also need to cultivate a sleep routine that includes cues your body would learn from. When you expose yourself to a certain scent, for example, that might signal sleep time for your brain, enabling you to nod off. Per the Sleep Foundation, healthy sleep would also involve limiting stimuli around bedtime. Yip, that includes your cellphone and TV.

      Bottom line: if you wake up feeling tired, you likely need more sleep. Think you’re dealing with insomnia? Chat with your doctor first. “There are a number of conditions that cause insomnia and treatment does not always need to involve sleeping tablets,” says Dr Bentley. “But ignoring the problem does not result in improvement over time. Once insomnia has become chronic, it will generally continue unless specific action is taken.” More

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      Here’s Why There’s More Air Pollution In Winter – And How To Solve It

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      During colder months, you’re probably going to want to light the fire, close the windows and keep cosy. And, when loadshedding hits, flick on the generator and continue to ‘Netflix and chill’. But, if you want to stay healthy this winter, this is exactly what you shouldn’t be doing – unless you’ve invested in an air purifier, says Trevor Brewer, Director of air treatment and lifestyle specialist Solenco. That’s because indoor air pollution in winter can become a problem.

      In winter, the air gets a little dirtier, leading to respiratory illness that can get deadly. Per the WHO, Household air pollution was responsible for an estimated 3.2 million deaths per year in 2020, including over 237 000 deaths of children under the age of 5. Cooking with gas because of loadshedding? Watch out: these gases emit kerosene, which generates harmful household air pollution, says the WHO.

      Air pollution in winter – even indoors

      In South Africa, the particulate matter (read: pollution) in our air is regularly higher than the national standards. Around 86% of South Africa’s primary energy supply is from coal, and much of the particulate matter that we breathe in is caused in the process of generating coal-fired electricity, says Brewer.

      And indoor pollution can get bad. “Pollutants are microscopic particles of toxic chemicals that are small enough to enter the bloodstream. Because they’re so small, you can be sure they’re being carried into your home. In fact, the concentration of pollutants and toxins found in the air can actually be two to five times higher indoors than out,” says Brewer.

      Air Pollution Solutions

      Stay ventilated

      Keeping the windows closed may help to keep cold air out but it also keeps polluted air in. Dust, fumes from household chemicals, emissions from appliances, bacteria and germs, pet dander, damp and mould, and the pollutants discussed above, are all at home in your house when there’s no fresh air circulating. And with them come all the winter ailments.

      You could stock up on medicine to deal with the symptoms that come with seasonal changes, says Brewer, but he suggests that you rather prevent these adverse effects by investing in an air purifier for your home or office.

      Solenco Purification Pal

      This gadget keeps the air in your home clean by forcing air through an ultra-fine mesh that traps pollutants. Look for one with HEPA tech, like the Solenco Purification Pal, that removes 99.8% of particles as small as 0.3 microns from the air.

      Humidify your air

      The dryness of the air can constitute a health hazard, especially in cooler months. For people with respiratory or lung issues, cold and dry air narrows airways and makes it harder to breathe. Even if you’re healthy, dry air can cause pain, inflammation and headaches, asthma, allergies and hay fever, itchy, uncomfortable skin, and nose bleeds. What works? A humidifier, which can refresh the air by injecting purified water into your surroundings.

      Xiaomi Humidifier 2 Lite

      Brewer says an evaporative humidifier is a great way to keep your indoor air at optimal moisture levels and remove air impurities, to improve your comfort and your health. A smaller unit will service a bedroom or living area, while a whole-home unit can cover 370 square metres.

      Invest in air-purifying plants

      Some house plants can diffuse toxic chemicals in the air, like formaldehyde, benzene and trichloroethylene. It’s essential to still clean your plants, since the leaves can collect dust, leading to allergies.

      Look for plants like English Ivy, Bamboo Palm and Aloe Vera. Snake plants are extremely pretty indoors and also help purify the air. More

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      12 Foods That Will Make Your Period Cramps So Much More Bearable, According To RDs

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      You usually have a general idea of when your period is coming. You may have been tracking it with an app to get to know your monthly cycle better and you know what to expect: bloating, cravings, and menstrual cramps. The pain can range from being mildly uncomfortable to downright debilitating. One way to soothe the ache: foods that help with period cramps.

      Why do some women get period cramps while others don’t? It all comes down to a type of chemical in your body called prostaglandins. This hormone-like substance can trigger the uterine muscles to contract during your period, according to the Mayo Clinic. Higher levels of prostaglandins are associated with more severe cramps.

      That said, multiple factors can affect how much pain your period causes, “including how heavily a woman bleeds, how tight her cervix is, how inflamed her system is, and her perception of pain,” says Wendie Trubow, MD, an ob-gyn.

      The good news is that certain foods can help ease cramps. Okay, they won’t make the discomfort go away directly, but they may have an impact on the body processes and hormones that lead to period cramps.

      Some pro tips on a relatively pain-free period: Avoid processed foods, get enough sleep, manage stress, and take supplements such as methylated B vitamins, which support hormonal balance, says Dr Trubow. To get the most out of these practices, do them over the entire course of the month, not just during your period.

      If you get really bad cramps, you may want to put down that bag of chips or pint of ice cream even when the cravings hit. Here are 12 foods that’ll help you feel better throughout your cycle.

      1) Avocados

      Avocados contain omega-3 fatty acids and magnesium, both of which may help reduce period cramps, says Alli Magier, the founder of Well by Alli. “Omega-3 fatty acids lower inflammation and help prevent excess prostaglandin production,” she explains. Magnesium, known as “nature’s relaxant,” can also help ease smooth muscle and lower the production of prostaglandins.

      2) Chamomile Tea

      Chamomile tea contains anti-inflammatory compounds and can help reduce pain by inhibiting certain enzymes known to cause pain, says Magier.

      Note that chamomile tea works best when you have it before the pain starts (so a few days before your period), according to a 2019 article published in the Journal of Pharmacopuncture.

      3) Cruciferous Vegetables

      Estrogen dominance and poor estrogen detoxification can contribute to endometriosis and dysmenorrhea (a.k.a. painful period cramps), says Morgan Goodstadt, the founder of Good Nutrition. “Broccoli and Brussels sprouts contain antioxidants and nutrients that help the liver detoxify excess estrogen. They are also high-fibre foods, which support estrogen clearance and elimination through the bowels,” she adds.

      Staying regular, which these veggies could help with, is super important for moving excess estrogen out of the body and supporting your gut too.

      4) Fermented Foods

      Fermented foods such as kefir, kimchi, kombucha, pickled vegetables, sauerkraut, and yoghurt contain probiotics that help keep your gut healthy, says Magier, which is important for estrogen balance and period pain. The good bacteria from fermented foods can balance your gut microbiome and regulate estrogen metabolism and elimination.

      In addition, low calcium intake can increase muscle contractions and cramping, so add fermented dairy to your diet for max relief.

      5) Salmon

      Prostaglandins are primarily made from omega-6 fatty acids, which are naturally inflammatory, says Goodstadt. “For optimal health, we want to consume a good ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids,” she says. One way to do that? Consuming lots of omega-3-rich foods like salmon and sardines. (Yum!)

      6) Flaxseeds

      Flaxseeds are one of Goodstadt’s all-time favourite foods for hormone health in general. “Not only are they a great source of fibre and healthy omega-3 fats, but they also contain compounds called lignans, which can bind to and detoxify excess estrogen,” she says.

      7) Ginger

      Ginger can lower the intensity of period cramps and pain, a 2019 study published in the Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science found. It has potent anti-inflammatory properties. It also helps soothe the stomach and reduce nausea, another common PMS symptom. Enjoy it as a spice in a dish or add slices to a steaming mug of tea!

      8) Leafy Green Vegetables

      Spinach and Swiss chard are full of anti-inflammatory compounds, fibre, manganese, and vitamin E, per Magier. “Adequate fibre intake is important for reducing PMS symptoms because it helps keep the gut microbiome healthy and supports normal estrogen metabolism,” she says. Vitamin E can tone down prostaglandin production, and low manganese levels are associated with more severe pain during menstruation.

      9) Almonds, Cashews, And Walnuts

      Nuts are a healthy source of minerals and unsaturated fats, explains Magier. In particular, walnuts are great sources of anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids, which can help lower prostaglandin production and combat period cramps. Almonds and cashews pack a ton of magnesium, which is associated with less period pain.

      10) Peppermint Tea

      Peppermint contains the active ingredient menthol, which has been shown to relieve pain. It can reduce the duration and severity of pain associated with periods, a 2016 study published in the Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research showed.

      11) Pumpkin Seeds

      “Pumpkin seeds are one of my favourite high-magnesium foods, making them excellent for reducing period cramps,” says Goodstadt.

      12) Turmeric

      Turmeric contains a compound called curcumin, which has powerful anti-inflammatory properties and is also a hormone modulator and pain reliever. It has been found to address some of the root causes of period pain, including estrogen dominance and endometriosis, per a 2020 study published in the International Journal of Molecular Medicine. More

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      6 Steps That’ll Help You To Quit Smoking – For Good

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      Decided to quit smoking? Good for you! Want to double your odds of never lighting up again? Use this guide to stomp out your habit once and for all.

      Why you should think about quitting smoking

      First, it’s a gateway to disease. Since it puts a strain on your cardiovascular system, you’re more at risk for those types of diseases, which are the leading cause of death worldwide. Think: heart disease and strokes. There are myriad ways smoking negatively impacts the body, from bad breath to gum disease and even infertility.

      This step-by-step guide, backed by science, shows you what to be prepared for when you quit smoking, along with some tips to help.

      Step One: Set A Date

      According to the National Council Against Smoking, it’s important to set a date to quit so you can mentally and emotionally prepare for it. The good news: for women, picking the day is easy.

      Why? US researchers found that women who quit smoking during the first half of their menstrual cycle may have the edge over those who stop during the second half. In the study, tobacco withdrawal symptoms were less severe for the women who quit between days one and 14 of their cycle, compared to those who quit between day 14 and the start of their next period.

      Do it! Track your cycle and mark the date on your calendar. Tell your friends, family and colleagues when the big day is so they can encourage you to stick to it.

      Step Two: Clean House

      As a smoker, you’re never alone. The strong scent of tobacco follows you in clothes, ashtrays, even curtains – but if you’re serious about quitting, you can’t have it hanging around.

      Why? Studies show that when exposed to familiar smoking visuals, parts of the brain like the amygdala activate craving responses. “Addictive behaviours become associated with cues in one’s environment. These cues then act as triggers, which cause cravings,” explains Candice Garrun, a mental health therapist and founder of the website Addictionology.co.za. “Don’t put yourself in situations that trigger you! If you hang out at a barber’s shop often enough, you will eventually get a haircut.”

      Do it! Tidy up. Throw out all smoking paraphernalia like ashtrays and lighters. Clean your clothes, carpets, curtains and bedding. This strategy helped 30-year-old Marilize, who has been smoke-free for two years after reading The Easy Way To Stop Smoking by Allan Carr. “We cleaned out the house! The book guides you through the whole process,” she says. “After a while, smoking began to gross me out – the smell and everything about it.”

      Step Three: Get A Hobby

      Make it something you can do as quickly as lighting up and turn to it when you’re tempted.

      Why? Taking up a new pastime will help channel your thoughts and fill the void that smoking once occupied.“Habits actually change your brain in ways that can bring relief from cravings and get you started on a path to joy and hope,” says Joburg-based clinical psychologist Elizabeth Cambanis, who has worked with patients who struggle with chemical and behavioural addiction. WH reader Chantelle used this method to kick the habit two years ago. “I found a new hobby. I now fill my time with exercise and baking – and yes, I did gain some weight. But it’s worth it.”

      Do it! Keep your hands busy with knitting, painting or playing a musical instrument. Not your pace? Engage in activities where you can’t smoke, like riding a bike or swimming. Moderate and vigorous exercise will help reduce cigarette cravings and stave them off for longer.

      Step Four: Control Your Triggers

      To avoid a relapse, it’s vital to keep your smoke triggers in check – specific people, places or emotions that make you want to smoke.

      Why? The longer you’ve smoked, the stronger the connections are between these triggers and your urges. For on-off smoker Thokozile (29), it’s a TV show. “I still sigh with longing when I watch old episodes of Sex and the City,” she says. “I quit for months – even up to a year – but when I watch SJP I often think, ‘It’s been long enough, I’ve done well’.” Triggers may include being around other smokers, feeling stressed or excited, drinking coffee or tea, or enjoying a meal. You can’t always avoid trigger situations, but it’s important to recognise the thoughts you have around smoking because acknowledging them can help you change your behaviour, explains Cambanis.

      Do it! Change your routine. Take note of how you feel just before you smoke and identify what made you light up. Being conscious of these things will help you remove your trigger. Coffee time? Have a glass of water instead.

      Step Five: Prepare For Withdrawal

      The physical symptoms of nicotine withdrawal are rough, but not life-threatening. Still, if you’re not prepared, they may be just awful enough to weaken your resolve.

      Why? Because smoking’s addictive. According to the Heart and Stroke Foundation SA, addiction to nicotine occurs quickly and is difficult to shake. Nicotine stimulates the reward pathways of your brain, prompting pleasant, happy feelings – and making quitting tough. “The first few weeks are the hardest,” says Cambanis. “If you’re feeling nauseated, any carbonated beverage should help and nausea only lasts a week or two.” A third of ex-smokers report headaches – often due to changing brain oxygen levels, according to Cambanis. Hang in there – they do pass in time.

      Do it! “Ensure you get more sleep, stretch, or practise deep breathing and relaxation techniques,” suggests Cambanis. Quitting smoking happens one minute, one hour and one day at a time. Don’t think about the long-term.

      Step Six: Gather Your Support Group

      Rally support from a close friend or family member.Why? Friends can talk you through difficult situations. The first seven to 10 days are the toughest and smokers who relapse typically do so within the first three months. Counsellors can help you identify your triggers and determine what strategy is most likely to work for you. “Sadly, few people seek professional help and more frequently try to quit on their own. It’s very hard to do it alone and you don’t have to,” says Garrun. Plus, a meta-analysis found that counselling resulted in higher rates of smoking cessation.Do it! Get help. WH reader Joanne did – and succeeded: “I stopped after 10 years using a programme called Smoke Enders. It’s been five years and I’m still smoke-free.” Also, reinforce your success with rewards. This is another strategy that helped Marilize. “I made myself a deal that I could use the money I used to spend on cigarettes on magazines. What a joy!” More

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      in health and weelbeing

      Can You Trust AI For Your Health? Here’s What An Expert Thinks

      by

      Sure, we don’t have a robot to make our beds (yet), but AI is alive and well in the world. Use it to proofread your writing, enhance your productivity and now, you can consult Dr Chatbot for health advice.

      ChatGPT, but make it for health

      Per a PWC report, “One of AI’s biggest potential benefits is to help people stay healthy so they don’t need a doctor, or at least not as often.” Already, AI can detect diseases such as cancer. And, the medical devices that appear to us as wearable health-enhancing tech uses AI to maximise our outlook. Here’s looking at you, Fitbit.

      Plus, using tech for your health concerns is nothing new. For decades, we’ve been consulting Dr Google for anything from a niggle to a full-on flare-up. But can AI be a panacea for our health needs?

      How does ChatGPT work?

      ChatGPT is arguably the most well-known and powerful AI in the space. Five days after it launched, the language bot became the fastest consumer application to reach a million users in history. And since then, that number has reached 100 million. That makes ChatGPT a popular alternative to Google for seeking out information and advice.

      Using an AI model, ChatGPT has been ‘trained’ to recognise patterns in language that allows it to make ‘predictions’ based on that learning. This is a tool that draws on available information to produce well-articulated answers to almost any question entered into its chat bar, no matter how broad or narrow the question or how detailed the expected response is.

      Plus, AI like ChatGPT could lessen the burden on healthcare providers and can provide empathetic, high-quality responses, a study has found.

      AI for your health: the problem

      But how reliable is the information? What happens when it comes to subject matter that may contain conflicting opinions or biased sources of information? Here it becomes hard to discern the chatbot’s reliability or potential prejudices.

      The answers ChatGPT spat out for medical concerns were deemed as good or better than Google’s, per a new study conducted by a UCT professor. But some answers were vague, misleading or just plain made-up.

      Study author Dr Philip Moons, Honorary Professor at UCT’s Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, cautions about using ChatGPT. “It is important to know that ChatGPT is a language model. It’s built to make good texts. It is not made to look things up,” he says.

      A thorny issue

      On its homepage, ChatGPT includes disclaimers that it may generate incorrect or biased information. Yet, we don’t know when a response is correct or not, how it may have been influenced by the manner in which a question was phrased and when and how it may be influenced by vested interests. And when it comes to health advice, this could amplify certain falsehoods or points of view, or overlook potential blind spots of information. Unlike a Google search that leads you to specific websites, with ChatGPT there is no single source of information which makes it hard to ascertain its credibility.

      Already, healthcare services in the US are struggling to adapt to the glitches and failures of AI while dealing with patients in real-time.

      “Legislators are currently concerned about the lack of legislation,” says Dr Moons about the questions the use of ChatGPT raises. “I’m sure that governments are dealing with this issue. To the best of my knowledge, there is no uniform framework for it.”

      This raises the larger question of accountability. Let’s say a healthcare institution begins using an AI-registered platform, incorporating it into the diagnostic process, and a claim arises. Who answers to any potential liability – the AI itself, the company that developed the programme, the programmers who developed and maintain the algorithm or the healthcare institution that adopted the platform and failed to manage associated risks? Only time will tell.

      So… should you use ChatGPT for your health issue?

      For now, use caution when consulting ChatGPT for healthcare issues. As always, a real-life doctor’s advice is always the gold standard, rather than what you find on the Internet. Doctors can get a proper look at all the factors that create an issue, instead of what you exclusively input into an AI chat. “I think that healthcare providers need to warn their patients and the lay public that ChatGPT is not made for looking up things,” says Dr Moons.

      If you’re desperate, Dr Moons suggests New Bing, an AI-powered search engine made by Microsoft. “It has the functionality of a search engine (like Google), but the technology of ChatGPT is built in. New Bing is meant to look things up. Therefore, it is a safer place to go to than ChatGPT,” he explains. More