When you stand back and really look at it, healthcare has come a long way. Once, the idea of washing your hands to stay disease-free was a foreign concept. Now, it’s so essential that we’ve added a whole feature to bathrooms just to cater for it. Fast-forward to 2020 and notice how Covid did a ton of damage – but it also accelerated the development of much-needed technological innovation, like virtual consults and fast medical delivery. Now, we’re encountering a new revolution: AI healthcare. It’s real, it’s here and it’s changing everything.
At the 2024 Africa Health Congress, AI healthcare formed a core focus for the conference, with discussions including its impact on accessibility, cyber security and benefits. The conversation is critical since the WHO stated that by 2030 the world will be short of 10 million healthcare workers. Added to that, South Africa is a country with limited access to quality healthcare. A 2022 study (echoed by the President) reveals that a staggering 84% of South Africans are without medical aid and rely on public healthcare alone. But mobile technology is changing the face of healthcare. With it, AI can help bridge this gap by bringing life-saving technology to more people. Here’s how it’s coming for us – and the considerations healthcare policymakers have to consider.
How AI Healthcare Can Improve Things
AI can speed up screenings and diagnoses
AI Diagnostics
Right now, a spate of companies have been created to address the problem of how long it can take for healthcare workers to diagnose conditions – and for patients to seek help. Take TB, for example. Per the World Health Organization (WHO), it’s the 13th leading cause of death worldwide and is responsible for an estimated 1.6 million deaths each year. Despite this, studies note that patients typically wait between 30 and 180 days before seeking healthcare for TB.
A new AI-powered diagnostics tool, AI Diagnostics, is a digital stethoscope that captures lung sounds to find TB-positive cases. Per AI Diagnostics, this could save money and time spent on conducting lab testing on TB-negative cases. They say it can also speed up the process of care for TB-positive patients. It’s also been shown to identify up to 40% of patients who are currently being completely missed by the predominantly adopted symptom-based TB screening method.
AI & mental illness detection
AI machine learning models have been shown to detect anxiety. How? By analysing just facial expressions at rest and in fearful scenarios. Per a study on the tech in “AI algorithms hold a significant impact on the detection and effective removal of biomarkers linked to anxiety and depression.” Added to this, the personalisation of treatments using AI could enhance the management of these conditions.
AI healthcare can automate tasks
At the 2024 Africa Health Congress, Solventum presented its AI management system, a kind of Alexa on steroids for doctors and healthcare workers. It records patient sessions, takes detailed notes, adds to-do notes and task nudges and even manages the billing process. In a setting where clinicians are overburdened by paperwork and admin, this AI solution aims to simplify and streamline the entire process. Ultimately, this improves the quality of care for patients.
Data can be centralised (finally)
Ever thought about how weird it is that your doctor has no idea what your psychiatrist knows about you? Or how when you move to a new doc, you have to offload all your health info – every allergy and surgery – to the new doctor? Or how an ER doc won’t know anything about your chronic medication unless you tell them about it – but what if you’re unconscious or unable to talk?
Patient files aren’t centralised and kept in one accessible place for health professionals. In countries with centralised health data using AI, there are increased health outcomes for doctors and professionals. And, it can increase adherence to medication and treatment. This technology would be used to store all patient health data spanning all spheres, including mental health, dental, surgical and essential.
The specific power with AI? It can interpret medical images and data, track disease and determine medical aid claims, according to a document from Policy Action Network.
AI healthcare means enhanced treatment
Since artificial intelligence can speed up medical quandaries, it could translate into faster response times for treatment. Already, AI-powered solutions are being introduced. It gives healthcare workers treatment insights for patients, uncovers hidden indicators and even predicts genetic mutations and delivers prognoses.
Then there are AI doctors and surgeons. AGI4Health, the “world’s first true generalist AI doctor”, is being created by minoHealth, an AI lab serving the medical industry. Artificial intelligence is also being explored as a way to assist surgeries, providing support to surgeons and elevating decision-making in surgery.
It could manage health
Already, AI is being used to monitor embryos in fertility clinics. It’s also poised to help with chronic illness as experts consider its potential as a holistic health management system. With machine learning (and wearables, potentially) AI could use data to personalise treatment recommendations, consider lifestyle and socioeconomic data and monitor overall health while offering care options at the same time.
… but AI healthcare needs some thought
Before we skip off into the sunset with our newly pimped smartwatch letting us know the exact next meal to optimise our health, there are serious considerations.
AI is pricey
For one, who will pay for these expensive services? To start, a good system will need internet access. However, wifi and data coverage in South Africa remain a huge issue. And, they’re still far more expensive than in other countries. As to implementing AI healthcare technology, a project to develop suitable systems can cost upwards of millions of American dollars. The creation of the processing units is also energy-intensive and electricity is something South Africa still battles with. Lastly, in South Africa and other multilingual countries, generative AI would need advanced language capabilities – something that costs more.
Data may not be secure
As technology advances, so do hackers. They can grab sensitive data and either expose confidential health info or hold people or institutions ransom for it. In 2024 alone, some of the “biggest, most damaging data breaches in recent history” occurred. SA’s own National Health Laboratory Services was hacked and it took months to secure and reactivate the system. Data breaches can do more damage than slow down lab services. They can also leak sensitive health data, potentially putting lives at risk.
How ethical is AI?
Of course, there are ethical considerations, too: if someone is treated incorrectly, who is to blame, the robot or the doctor? Can we trust AI to do the work we’re asking of it? Furthermore, like internet regulations, AI laws are not being implemented very quickly – precisely because there is so much to consider. However, slow implementation and fast adoption open the door to shaky legal ground.
AI has a diversity problem
A now-famous 2022 study found just how badly prejudicial AI can be. In it, researchers found that the intelligence was more likely to associate Black men with being criminals and women with being homemakers. In 2023, an American Black woman sued the city of Detroit. Facial recognition technology falsely identified her as a criminal perpetrator, leading to her arrest. When it comes to healthcare, discrimination like this could affect lives. Experts broadly agree that local expertise and cultural nuance are key when implementing this technology.
That’s not to say that we can’t implement AI for the betterment of our health. Already, we’re using chatbots to quickly scan our symptoms like coughs and aches to pin down what could be plaguing us. It’s used to automate tasks and organise big datasets. And every time you shop online, AI personalises your experience. With time, we might see these uses skyrocket, problems solved and gains made. Because who wouldn’t want to skip the doctor’s queue?
